Osteoblast Attachment Compromised by High and Low Temperature of Titanium and Its Restoration by UV Photofunctionalization

Ikeda, Takayuki; Okubo, Takahisa; Saruta, Juri; Hirota, Makoto; Kitajima, Hiroaki; Yanagisawa, Naoki; Ogawa, Takahiro

doi:10.3390/ma14195493

Cited by 14 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…Second, fibronectin adsorbed to titanium surfaces considerably more than type 1 collagen ( Figure 2 ). The role played by surface hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity in material biocompatibility, including for titanium, remains inconclusive, with even the basic hypothesis that more hydrophilic surfaces attach more cells remaining unproven, although some data do seem to suggest this [ 89 , 90 , 96 , 101 , 102 , 127 , 128 , 129 , 130 , 131 ]. Although UV-induced superhydrophilic titanium surfaces recruit more cells than non-treated hydrophobic titanium surfaces, there was no linear correlation between the degree of hydrophilicity and the number of cells recruited [ 127 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As described elsewhere [80,89,108,[114][115][116], bone marrow-derived osteoblasts were isolated from the femurs of 8-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats and placed into alphamodified Eagle's medium supplemented with 15% fetal bovine serum, 50 µg/mL ascorbic acid, 10 mM Na-β-glycerophosphate, 10 −8 M dexamethasone, and antibiotic-antimycotic solution containing 10,000 units/mL penicillin G sodium, 10,000 mg/mL streptomycin sulfate, and 25 mg/mL amphotericin B. The cells were incubated in a humidified atmosphere of 95% air and 5% CO 2 at 37 • C. At 80% confluency, the cells were detached using 0.25% trypsin-1 mM EDTA-4Na and seeded onto titanium disks placed in 12-well culture dishes at a density of 3 × 10 4 cells/cm 2 .…”

Section: Osteoblast Cell Culturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cells were incubated in a humidified atmosphere of 95% air and 5% CO 2 at 37 • C. At 80% confluency, the cells were detached using 0.25% trypsin-1 mM EDTA-4Na and seeded onto titanium disks placed in 12-well culture dishes at a density of 3 × 10 4 cells/cm 2 . The density was established in our previous studies for bone marrow-derived osteoblasts extracted from young rats and has been used with a minor modification [45,[80][81][82][83]89,[117][118][119][120].…”

Section: Osteoblast Cell Culturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…With regard to bone engineering, metal-based solid materials have been used mostly to meet the mechanical requirements of the tissue. Titanium is a biocompatible and chemically stable metal that has long been used as an orthopedic and dental implant material and, more recently, as a scaffold for bone regeneration and engineering [ 27 , 28 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 , 93 ]. Titanium is innately osteoconductive, but accelerated osseointegration (bone-implant integration) and ensuring osseointegration under unfavorable local and systemic conditions remain challenging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Novel Cell Delivery System Exploiting Synergy between Fresh Titanium and Fibronectin

Hirota

Hori

Sugita

et al. 2022

Cells

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Delivering and retaining cells in areas of interest is an ongoing challenge in tissue engineering. Here we introduce a novel approach to fabricate osteoblast-loaded titanium suitable for cell delivery for bone integration, regeneration, and engineering. We hypothesized that titanium age influences the efficiency of protein adsorption and cell loading onto titanium surfaces. Fresh (newly machined) and 1-month-old (aged) commercial grade 4 titanium disks were prepared. Fresh titanium surfaces were hydrophilic, whereas aged surfaces were hydrophobic. Twice the amount of type 1 collagen and fibronectin adsorbed to fresh titanium surfaces than aged titanium surfaces after a short incubation period of three hours, and 2.5-times more fibronectin than collagen adsorbed regardless of titanium age. Rat bone marrow-derived osteoblasts were incubated on protein-adsorbed titanium surfaces for three hours, and osteoblast loading was most efficient on fresh titanium adsorbed with fibronectin. The number of osteoblasts loaded using this synergy between fresh titanium and fibronectin was nine times greater than that on aged titanium with no protein adsorption. The loaded cells were confirmed to be firmly attached and functional. The number of loaded cells was strongly correlated with the amount of protein adsorbed regardless of the protein type, with fibronectin simply more efficiently adsorbed on titanium surfaces than collagen. The role of surface hydrophilicity of fresh titanium surfaces in increasing protein adsorption or cell loading was unclear. The hydrophilicity of protein-adsorbed titanium increased with the amount of protein but was not the primary determinant of cell loading. In conclusion, the osteoblast loading efficiency was dependent on the age of the titanium and the amount of protein adsorption. In addition, the efficiency of protein adsorption was specific to the protein, with fibronectin being much more efficient than collagen. This is a novel strategy to effectively deliver osteoblasts ex vivo and in vivo using titanium as a vehicle.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Osteoblast Cell Culturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Osteoblast Cell Culturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A Novel Cell Delivery System Exploiting Synergy between Fresh Titanium and Fibronectin

Hirota

Hori

Sugita

et al. 2022

Cells

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“…This surface modification is crucial for improving cellular compatibility, bone formation, and clinical outcomes [50,. According to the results of past studies, osteoblast attachment to chemically cleaned and superhydrophilic titanium surfaces is enhanced following UV treatment, facilitating the spread, attachment, proliferation, and differentiation of cells [50,[61][62][63][93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100][101].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultraviolet Treatment of Titanium to Enhance Adhesion and Retention of Oral Mucosa Connective Tissue and Fibroblasts

Ikeda

Ueno

Saruta

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Peri-implantitis is an unsolved but critical problem with dental implants. It is postulated that creating a seal of gingival soft tissue around the implant neck is key to preventing peri-implantitis. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of UV surface treatment of titanium disks on the adhesion strength and retention time of oral connective tissues as well as on the adherence of mucosal fibroblasts. Titanium disks with a smooth machined surface were prepared and treated with UV light for 15 min. Keratinized mucosal tissue sections (3 × 3 mm) from rat palates were incubated for 24 h on the titanium disks. The adhered tissue sections were then mechanically detached by agitating the culture dishes. The tissue sections remained adherent for significantly longer (15.5 h) on the UV-treated disks than on the untreated control disks (7.5 h). A total of 94% of the tissue sections were adherent for 5 h or longer on the UV-treated disks, whereas only 50% of the sections remained on the control disks for 5 h. The adhesion strength of the tissue sections to the titanium disks, as measured by tensile testing, was six times greater after UV treatment. In the culture studies, mucosal fibroblasts extracted from rat palates were attached to titanium disks by incubating for 24, 48, or 96 h. The number of attached cells was consistently 15–30% greater on the UV-treated disks than on the control disks. The cells were then subjected to mechanical or chemical (trypsinization) detachment. After mechanical detachment, the residual cell rates on the UV-treated surfaces after 24 and 48 h of incubation were 35% and 25% higher, respectively, than those on the control surfaces. The remaining rate after chemical detachment was 74% on the control surface and 88% on the UV-treated surface for the cells cultured for 48 h. These trends were also confirmed in mouse embryonic fibroblasts, with an intense expression of vinculin, a focal adhesion protein, on the UV-treated disks even after detachment. The UV-treated titanium was superhydrophilic, whereas the control titanium was hydrophobic. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) chemical analysis revealed that the amount of carbon at the surface was significantly reduced after UV treatment, while the amount of TiOH molecules was increased. These ex vivo and in vitro results indicate that the UV treatment of titanium increases the adhesion and retention of oral mucosa connective tissue as a result of increased resistance of constituent fibroblasts against exogenous detachment, both mechanically and chemically, as well as UV-induced physicochemical changes of the titanium surface.

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Impact of nano-scale trabecula size on osteoblastic behavior and function in a meso-nano hybrid rough biomimetic zirconia model

Kitajima¹,

Komatsu²,

Matsuura³

et al. 2023

J Prosthodont Res

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A novel implant model consisting of meso-scale cactus-inspired spikes and nano-scale bone-inspired trabeculae was recently developed to optimize meso-scale roughness on zirconia. In this model, the meso-spike dimension had a significant impact on osteoblast function. To explore how different nano-textures impact this model, here we examined the effect of different nano-trabecula sizes on osteoblast function while maintaining the same meso-spike conformation. Methods: Zirconia disks with meso-nano hybrid surfaces were created by laser etching. The meso-spikes were fixed to 40 μm high, whereas the nano-texture was etched as large and small trabeculae of average Feret diameter 237.0 and 134.1 nm, respectively. A polished surface was also prepared. Rat bone marrow-derived and human mesenchymal stromal cellinduced osteoblasts were cultured on these disks. Results: Hybrid rough surfaces, regardless of nano-trabecula dimension, robustly promoted the osteoblastic differentiation of both rat and human osteoblasts compared to those on polished surfaces. Hybrid surfaces with small nanotrabeculae further enhanced osteoblastic differentiation compared with large nano-trabeculae. However, the difference in osteoblastic differentiation between small and large nano-trabeculae was much smaller than the difference between the polished and hybrid rough surfaces. The nano-trabecula size did not influence osteoblast attachment and proliferation, or protein adsorption. Both hybrid surfaces were hydro-repellent. The atomic percentage of surface carbon was lower on the hybrid surface with small nano-trabeculae. Conclusions: Small nano-trabeculae promoted osteoblastic differentiation more than large nano-trabeculae when combined with meso-scale spikes. However, the biological impact of different nano-trabeculae was relatively small compared with that of different dimensions of meso-spikes.

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Osteoblast Attachment Compromised by High and Low Temperature of Titanium and Its Restoration by UV Photofunctionalization

Cited by 14 publications

References 84 publications

A Novel Cell Delivery System Exploiting Synergy between Fresh Titanium and Fibronectin

A Novel Cell Delivery System Exploiting Synergy between Fresh Titanium and Fibronectin

Ultraviolet Treatment of Titanium to Enhance Adhesion and Retention of Oral Mucosa Connective Tissue and Fibroblasts

Impact of nano-scale trabecula size on osteoblastic behavior and function in a meso-nano hybrid rough biomimetic zirconia model

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