Osteoconduction at porous hydroxyapatite with various pore configurations

Chang, Bong Soon; Lee, Choon-Ki; Hong, Kug Sun; Youn, Hye Jung; Ryu, Ho-Suk; Chung, Sung Soo; Park, K W

doi:10.1016/s0142-9612(00)00030-2

Cited by 595 publications

(397 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Pore interconnection is a limiting factor for bone ingrowth, because interconnecting fenestrations that are too small would not permit cell migration or tissue invasion from pore to pore [6]. For example, one study [40] showed that a commercial porous hydroxyapatite had sufficient pore sizes of 50-300 pm; however, the pore interconnection diameters were only 0.1-2 pm.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another study used a mesh on the tensile side of CPC to increase the work-to-fracture [45]. Macropores were built into implants to facilitate cell infiltration, tissue ingrowth, and implant fixation [3,6,17,18,20,24,[26][27][28]301. Our recent studies incorporated a variety of fibers, as well as water-soluble porogens, into CPC to obtain strength as well as macropores for bone ingrowth [46,49].…”

Section: H H K Xu C G Siinon Jr 1 J O U~~i N Imentioning

confidence: 99%

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Self‐hardening calcium phosphate composite scaffold for bone tissue engineering

Simon

2004

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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Calcium phosphate cement (CPC) sets in situ to form solid hydroxyapatite, can conform to complex cavity shapes without machining, has excellent osteoconductivity, and is able to be resorbed and replaced by new bone. Therefore, CPC is promising for craniofacial and orthopaedic repairs. However, its low strength and lack of macroporosity limit its use. This study investigated CPC reinforcement with absorbable fibers, the effects of fiber volume fraction on mechanical properties and macroporosity, and the cytotoxicity of CPC–fiber composite. The rationale was that large‐diameter absorbable fibers would initially strengthen the CPC graft, then dissolve to form long cylindrical macropores for colonization by osteoblasts. Flexural strength, work‐of‐fracture (toughness), and elastic modulus were measured vs. fiber volume fraction from 0% (CPC Control without fibers) to 60%. Cell culture was performed with osteoblast‐like cells, and cell viability was quantified using an enzymatic assay. Flexural strength (mean ± SD; n == 6) of CPC with 60% fibers was 13.5 ± 4.4 MPa, three times higher than 3.9 ± 0.5 MPa of CPC Control. Work‐of‐fracture was increased by 182 times. Long cylindrical macropores 293 ± 46 μm in diameter were created in CPC after fiber dissolution, and the CPC–fiber scaffold reached a macroporosity of 55% and a total porosity of 81%. The new CPC–fiber formulation supported cell adhesion, proliferation and viability. The method of using large‐diameter absorbable fibers in bone graft for mechanical properties and formation of long cylindrical macropores for bone ingrowth may be applicable to other tissue engineering materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Orthopuedic Research Society. © 2003 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: H H K Xu C G Siinon Jr 1 J O U~~i N Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Self‐hardening calcium phosphate composite scaffold for bone tissue engineering

Simon

2004

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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“…It has been recognised that in addition to changing the response of a linear elastic material to quasi-brittle, increased porosity affects the mechanical properties of materials such as tensile, compressive and flexural strength (Birchall et al 1981), elastic modulus, fracture energy and fracture toughness (Chang et al 2000;Rice 1984Rice , 1989. The porosity dependence of these parameters follows a similar trend under tensile loading although Young's modulus as a function of porosity usually shows less variation in comparison to strength.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, (Birchall et al 1981) proposed that the existence of large pores is one of the limiting factors for the tensile and flexural strength of brittle materials, such as hydraulic cements. For the study of HA materials, the main approach to synthesize porous model materials is by using a polyurethane foam or net coated with HA to create sponge or cross-type of interlinking pores (Chang et al 2000) and some other approaches such as water-based sol-gel (Liu et al 2001). In these studies, pores are usually characterised by mercury porosimetry, optical and scanning electron microscopy combined with density measurements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards understanding the influence of porosity on mechanical and fracture behaviour of quasi-brittle materials: experiments and modelling

et al. 2017

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In this work, porosity-property relationships of quasi-brittle materials are explored through a combined experimental and numerical approach. In the experimental part, hemihyrate gypsum plaster powder (CaSO 4 · 1/2H 2 O) and expanded spherical polystyrene beads (1.5-2.0 mm dia.) have been mixed to form a model material with controlled additions of porosity. The expanded polystyrene beads represent pores within the bulk due to their light weight and low strength compared with plaster. Varying the addition of infill allows the production of a material with different percentages of porosity: 0, 10, 20, 30 and 31 vol%. The size and location of these pores have been characterised by 3D X-ray computed tomography. Beams of the size of 20 × 20 × 150 mm were cast and loaded under fourpoint bending to obtain the mechanical characteristics of each porosity level. The elastic modulus and flexural strength are found to decrease with increased porosity. Fractography studies have been undertaken to identify the role of the pores on the fracture path. Based on the known porosity, a 3D model of each microstructure has been built and the deformation and fracture was computed using a lattice-based multi-scale finite element model. This model predicted similar trends as the experimental results and was able to quantify the fractured sites. The results from this model material experimental data and the lattice model predictions are discussed with respect to the role of porosity on the deformation and fracture of quasi-brittle materials.

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“…The internal architectural attributes, including pore size, shape and connection pattern, play an important role in the in-vivo and mechanical performance of the implants. They control the degree of bone regeneration [9][10][11][12][13][14], path of bone regeneration [15] and determine the mechanical properties of the implants [16][17][18][19]. However, traditional processing methods, mainly particle leaching technique [20], solution casting [21] and melt molding [22] result in random architecture and provide minimal control over the internal architecture of the implants thus preventing the optimization of the engineered bone tissue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomimetic mineral-organic composite scaffolds with controlled internal architecture

Manjubala

Woesz

Pilz

et al. 2005

J Mater Sci: Mater Med

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Bone and cartilage generation by three-dimensional scaffolds is one of the promising techniques in tissue engineering. One approach is to generate histologically and functionally normal tissue by delivering healthy cells in biocompatible scaffolds. These scaffolds provide the necessary support for cells to proliferate and maintain their differentiated function, and their architecture defines the ultimate shape. Rapid prototyping (RP) is a technology by which a complex 3-dimensional (3D) structure can be produced indirectly from computer aided design (CAD). The present study aims at developing a 3D organic-inorganic composite scaffold with defined internal architecture by a RP method utilizing a 3D printer to produce wax molds. The composite scaffolds consisting of chitosan and hydroxyapatite were prepared using soluble wax molds. The behaviour and response of MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblast cells on the scaffolds was studied. During a culture period of two and three weeks, cell proliferation and in-growth were observed by phase contrast light microscopy, histological staining and electron microscopy. The Giemsa and Gömöri staining of the cells cultured on scaffolds showed that the cells proliferated not only on the surface, but also filled the micro pores of the scaffolds and produced extracellular matrix within the pores. The electron micrographs showed that the cells covering the surface of the struts were flattened and grew from the periphery into the middle region of the pores. C 2005 Springer Science + Business Media, Inc.

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Osteoconduction at porous hydroxyapatite with various pore configurations

Cited by 595 publications

References 22 publications

Self‐hardening calcium phosphate composite scaffold for bone tissue engineering

Self‐hardening calcium phosphate composite scaffold for bone tissue engineering

Towards understanding the influence of porosity on mechanical and fracture behaviour of quasi-brittle materials: experiments and modelling

Biomimetic mineral-organic composite scaffolds with controlled internal architecture

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