Osteocytes

Rupp, Markus; Merboth, Felix; Daghma, Diaa Eldin S.; Biehl, Christoph; Khassawna, Thaqif El; Heiß, Christian

doi:10.1055/a-0658-5922

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Moreover, the LCN was shown to be the main actor in bone mechanical answer to loading 17,18,[23][24][25][26][27] . Indeed, it was recently shown that a significantly higher number of osteocytes was present around immediately loaded human dental implants with respect to control sites left to heal submerged (i.e.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Jawbone remodeling: a conceptual study based on Synchrotron High-resolution Tomography

Iezzi

Mangano

Barone

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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one of the most important aspects of bone remodeling is the constant turnover mainly driven by the mechanical loading stimulus. the remodeling process produces changes not only in the bone microarchitecture but also in the density distribution of the mineralized matrix-i.e. in calcium concentrations-and in the osteocyte lacunar network. Synchrotron radiation-based X-ray microtomography (microCT) has proven to be an efficient technique, capable to achieve the analysis of 3D bone architecture and of local mineralization at different hierarchical length scales, including the imaging of the lacuno-canalicular network. in the present study, we used microct within a conceptual study of jawbone remodeling, demonstratively focusing the investigation in two critical contexts, namely in the peri-dental and the peri-implant tissues. the microct analysis showed that a relevant inhomogeneity was clearly present in both peri-dental and peri-implant biopsies, not only in terms of microarchitecture and mineralization degree, but also considering the lacunar network, i.e. size and numerical density of the osteocyte lacunae. the correlated histological results obtained on the same samples confirmed these observations, also adding information related to non-mineralized tissues. Despite its demonstrative nature, it was concluded that the proposed method was powerful in studying jawbone remodeling because it revealed a direct correlation of its rate with the lacunar density, as achieved by the analysis of the osteocyte lacunar network, and an inverse correlation with the local bone mineral density, as revealed with the Roschger approach. Remodeling is a process enabling bone tissue to adapt to different physiological conditions and to replace damaged bone with newly-formed bone 1 , producing complete renewal of the entire skeleton mass about every 10 years 2. Several studies have been focused on regenerative properties of bone, but few of them were referred to the jaw sites. Conversely, it must be considered that the jawbone presents unique properties: thus, data regarding other skeletal bones, many of them referred to long bones 3-7 , may not be completely applicable to the jaw 8. Indeed, it is known since long time that the jawbone is remodeled faster than the other skeletal bones 9. This seems to be due to jaw morphogenesis: jaw arises from neural crest cells of the neuroectoderm germ layer and not of the mesoderm; 10 moreover, it undergoes intramembranous, instead of endochondral, ossification 11. Regarding the stem cells derived from the jaw, bone marrow stromal cells exhibit higher osteogenic potential and different characteristics respect to stem cells recruited in other skeletal bones 12-16. Consequently, because of the aforementioned features of the jawbone matrix, even if several studies have been focused on bone remodeling in other skeleton sites, there is a special need of specific investigations referred to the jawbone. One of the most important aspects of jawbone remodeling is the constant turnover mainly driven by the ...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Jawbone remodeling: a conceptual study based on Synchrotron High-resolution Tomography

Iezzi

Mangano

Barone

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…Osteocytes are the primary cells of bone metabolism, and bone reconstruction involves more than just the interaction of osteoblasts and osteoclasts [33] . Through a network of luminal tubules, osteocyte protrusions come into contact with the extracellular matrix and are responsive to a variety of mechanical and chemical stimuli [34] .In order to in uence bone reconstruction, osteoclasts can transform mechanical shear stresses into biochemical signals that can be communicated with by other cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histological and bone mineral density analyses of the mandibular lamellar/oblique fracture healing in beagles.

Xin

Li²,

Xu³

2023

Preprint

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Objective: The goal of this study was to determine whether there were any differences in the healing processes for linear fractures and lamellar/oblique mandibular fractures. Materials and methods: Using a random number generator, two groups of six beagle dogs each were created from a group of twelve.The experimental group was the lamellar/oblique fracture of the mandible, while the control group was the traditional linear fracture. The first premolar and the first molar were where the fracture occurred. Two 4-hole bone plates were used to repair the fracture line. Results: X-ray:the experimental group's fracture space was fuzzier and eventually disappeared between the two groups. Histology: the Collagen Volume Fraction in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group three months after surgery. The experimental group had more bone cells than the control group did one month following the surgery.Both groups' trabecular arrangements became more regular as the healing process progressed.Bone mineral density: the experimental group's bone mineral density was higher than the control group's one month following surgery. Four-point bending test:the experimental group's fracture energy was higher than the control group's one month following the surgery. The experimental group's stiffness was substantially greater than the control group's three months after the procedure. The maximal loading of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group at one and three months following the operation. Conclusion: In comparison to traditional linear fractures, lamellar/oblique fractures of the mandible have higher bone mineral density, are more rigid, and heal more quickly.

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“…To perform stimulation by FF and PTHrP, cells were cultured on teflon-bound glass slides at a density of 25,000 ORIGINALS cellsHPPcm 2 . The FF technique is based on the constant bombing of culture medium over the cell monolayer using a peristaltic pump (Flexcell International Corp., Hillsborough, North Carolina, USA.)…”

Section: Mechanical Stimulation By Fluid Flow (Ff) and By Pthrpmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are located in the mineralized bone matrix, forming a large cellular intercommunication network, called osteocyte lacuno-canalicular system (OLCS). Osteocytes are the main mechanosensory cells in the bone 2 . They can detect mechanical stimuli in the environment and communicate this signal to effector cells (osteoblasts and osteoclasts) and have different mechanosensory structures: ion channels, integrins 3 , parathyroid hormone recep-tor type 1 (PTH1R) ligands, connexins 4 and primary cilia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implicación de la Cx43 y el cilio primario en la actividad de los osteocitos

Heredero-Jiménez¹,

Tirado‐Cabrera²,

Martín‐Guerrero³

et al. 2020

Rev Osteoporos Metab Miner

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Objetives: Bone tissue can adapt to environmental stimuli by altering its morphology and metabolism. Different bone cells communicate with each other through communicating junctions (CJs). Connexin 43 (Cx43) is the most abundant CJ protein with key functions in signal transduction and in response to hormonal and mechanical stimuli. Another mechanosensor element of osteocytes is the primary cilium, formed by microtubules and which develops in the cell cycle's G0 phase. Our study aims to determine Cx43 and primary cilium involvement in osteocytic activity, to analyze the possible interaction between these two mechanosensors and to assess the role they play in the detection and response of osteocytes to mechanical stimuli and stimulation of the parathormone type 1 receptor (PTH1R) by its ligand, the parathormone-related protein (PTHrP) (1-36). Material and methods:The control MLO-Y4 (Cx43 +/+) osteocyte cell line was compared to Cx43-deficient MLO-Y4 (Cx43 -/-). The expression analysis of intraflagellar transport protein 88 (IFT88), Cx43 and phosphorylation of the extracellular signal regulatory kinase (P-ERK) was determined by Western blot. To characterize the possible colocalization between the primary cilium and Cx43, an immunofluorescence was carried out. To simulate mechanical stimulation in vitro, cells were subjected to mechanical stress of 10 dynes/cm2 by fluid flow for 10 minutes. Results:The results obtained show that the number of cells with primary cilium does not vary due to the expression of Cx43 (p = 0.089). In cells with Cx43 presence, mechanical stimulation by fluid flow and PTHrP increase the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) compared to unstimulated cells (p = 0.049 and p = 0.011, respectively). Conclusions: The primary cilium and Cx43 act as mechanosensing elements for osteocytes. Deficiency in Cx43 does not influence ciliogenesis or activation by mechanical stimulation of pro-survival signaling pathways in osteocytes.

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Osteocytes

Cited by 9 publications

References 62 publications

Jawbone remodeling: a conceptual study based on Synchrotron High-resolution Tomography

Jawbone remodeling: a conceptual study based on Synchrotron High-resolution Tomography

Histological and bone mineral density analyses of the mandibular lamellar/oblique fracture healing in beagles.

Implicación de la Cx43 y el cilio primario en la actividad de los osteocitos

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