Osteogenic differentiation of preosteoblasts on a hemostatic gelatin sponge

Abstract

Bone tissue engineering provides many advantages for repairing skeletal defects. Although many different kinds of biomaterials have been used for bone tissue engineering, safety issues must be considered when using them in a clinical setting. In this study, we examined the effects of using a common clinical item, a hemostatic gelatin sponge, as a scaffold for bone tissue engineering. The use of such a clinically acceptable item may hasten the translational lag from laboratory to clinical studies. We performed both degradation and biocompatibility studies on the hemostatic gelatin sponge, and cultured preosteoblasts within the sponge scaffold to demonstrate its osteogenic differentiation potential. In degradation assays, the gelatin sponge demonstrated good stability after being immersed in PBS for 8 weeks (losing only about 10% of its net weight and about 54% decrease of mechanical strength), but pepsin and collagenases readily biodegraded it. The gelatin sponge demonstrated good biocompatibility to preosteoblasts as demonstrated by MTT assay, confocal microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, osteogenic differentiation and the migration of preosteoblasts, elevated alkaline phosphatase activity, and in vitro mineralization were observed within the scaffold structure. Each of these results indicates that the hemostatic gelatin sponge is a suitable scaffold for bone tissue engineering.

Tunneling transport of mono- and few-layers magnetic van der Waals MnPS3

“…We note that the measured thickness is slightly larger than the expected value probably because of a thin water layer or a difference in the interaction force of tip with the substrate and MnPS3 flake as discussed in Ref. [11]. A similar observation has been often made in other mechanically exfoliated vdW materials like graphene, 1,20 TMDCs, [21][22][23] and NiPS3.…”

“…A similar observation has been often made in other mechanically exfoliated vdW materials like graphene, 1,20 TMDCs, [21][22][23] and NiPS3. 11,13 It is rather common to observe carrier transport in a metal/insulator/metal junction being affected by a band alignment in accordance with the Schottky-Mott theory. 24 Figure 1 Therefore, we can determine the barrier height ΦB from a difference between an electron affinity s of MnPS3 and a work function of Pt-Ir (5.4 eV).…”

“…More importantly, successful exfoliation has been recently demonstrated down to monolayer of these newly discovered vdW materials. [11][12][13] With the successful initial works, it now needs further in-depth studies of its physical properties.…”

“…All our single crystal samples of MnPS3 were synthesized by a chemical vapor transport method: we put a quartz ampoule containing the raw materials into a horizontal 2-zone furnace with a temperature difference of 780 ℃ (hot zone) and 730 ℃ (cold zone). Details of the synthesis conditions can be found in literature [11]. Using these crystals and scotch tape, we exfoliated several samples with varying thickness from mono to a few tens of layers onto the substrate.…”

Bone regeneration in Ds-Red pig calvarial defect using allogenic transplantation of EGFP-pMSCs – a comparison of host cells and seeding cells in the scaffold

“…The hemostatic gelatin sponge, Spongostan TM , is prepared from purified type A pork skin, and its biosafety in clinical applications, especially to control bleeding during surgery, has long been proved [56, 57]. In vivo studies have shown good biocompatibility of Spongostan TM without any immune response during bone formation [36]. The main reasons that we chose this scaffold are its biocompatibility and biodegradation with MSCs and absence of autofluorescence [36].…”