Osteoinduction of biphasic calcium phosphate scaffolds in a nude mouse model

Abstract

Bioceramics combined with isolated stem cells, or with total bone marrow, constitute the main strategies under consideration in the field of bone tissue engineering. In the present preclinical study, two biphasic calcium phosphate scaffolds currently on the market, MBCP® and MBCP+®, with different hydroxyapatite/β-tricalcium phosphate ratio, were implanted ectopically in a nude mouse model. These scaffolds were supplemented either with human mesenchymal stromal cells, or with human total bone marrow, or rat total bone marrow. Biomaterials alone were found to have potentially low, but non-zero, osteoinductive properties, while biomaterials associated with total bone marrow consistently improved osteoinduction in comparison with high concentrations of isolated human stromal cells.

Design and construction of a microporous CO 3 2 − -containing HA/β-TCP biphasic ceramic as a novel bone graft material

“…Besides, specific surface area has a significant promotion on cell adhesion and proliferation, as well as osteogenic differentiation. The larger the specific surface area of the material is, the greater the amount of protein it can adsorb [32][33][34][35]. As a consequence, the as-described properties of -CO 3 2 -containing BCP is expected to be a desirable candidate for biomedical application.…”

Osteoinductivity of nanostructured hydroxyapatite‐functionalized gelatin modulated by human and endogenous mesenchymal stromal cells

“…This result was unexpected because it contradicts some previous result found in literature . Like our findings, Miramond et al found no osteoinduction when hMSCs were seeded in bioceramic scaffolds implanted subcutaneously in a murine model . The authors hypothesized that high cell seeding density (20 million cells/g of material) formed a sort of dense matrix gel, thus preventing both nutrients from reaching the cells and therefore hampering the recruitment of endogenous cells.…”

“…20,21 Like our findings, Miramond et al found no osteoinduction when hMSCs were seeded in bioceramic scaffolds implanted subcutaneously in a murine model. 22 The authors hypothesized that high cell seeding density (20 million cells/g of material) formed a sort of dense matrix gel, thus preventing both nutrients from reaching the cells and therefore hampering the recruitment of endogenous cells. Unlike the article by Miramond, our study showed a recruitment of host cells, as demonstrated by murine-specific RNA detected in explanted samples.…”

Nanoreinforced Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering: Biomaterials that are Compatible with Load‐Bearing and Electroactive Tissues

“…Despite the extensive use of hydroxyapatite in skeletal‐tissue engineering their slow dissolution have always been a practical concern . Thus, more readily degradable calcium phosphate bioactive minerals like β‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) and biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) (a mix of hydroxyapatite and β‐TCP) have been sought‐out to treat bone‐related injuries . Although previous attempts have examined β‐TCP hydrogel composites, much of the focus is centered on BCP ceramics, as it offers a balance between the properties of hydroxyapatite and β‐TCP .…”