Osteology and phylogeny of<i>Robustichthys luopingensis</i>, the largest holostean fish in the Middle Triassic

Xu, Guangcai

doi:10.7717/peerj.7184

Cited by 19 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…Neopterygii is a taxonomically diverse clade of ray-finned fishes, including Teleostei (e.g., salmons and carps), Holostei (e.g., gars and bownfin), and closely related fossil taxa ( Regan, 1923 ; Brough, 1931 , 1939 ; Lehman, 1952 ; Schaeffer, 1956 ; Patterson, 1973 , 1982 ; Gardiner, Maisey & Littlewood, 1996 ; Grande & Bemis, 1998 ; Coates, 1999 ; Arratia, 1999 , 2013 , 2015 ; Cavin, 2010 ; Grande, 2010 ; Sallan, 2014 ; Friedman, 2015 ; Xu & Zhao, 2016 ; Xu, 2019 , 2021 ). This clade underwent a rapid radiation in the aftermath of the end-Permian extinction ( Chen & Benton, 2012 ; Benton et al, 2013 ; Romano et al, 2016 ; Clarke & Friedman, 2018 ; López-Arbarello & Sferco, 2018 ; Romano, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feroxichthys panzhouensissp. nov., a hump-backed colobodontid (Neopterygii, Actinopterygii) from the early Middle Triassic of Panzhou, Guizhou, China

Geng

2021

PeerJ

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Neopterygii is a taxonomically diverse clade of ray-finned fishes, including Teleostei, Holostei and closely related fossil taxa. The Colobodontidae is a stem group of large-sized neopterygians with a durophagous feeding adaption from the Middle to Late Triassic marine ecosystems in Europe and South China. Here, we report the discovery of a new colobodontid, Feroxichthys panzhouensis sp. nov., based on a well-preserved specimen from the early Middle Triassic (Anisian) of Panzhou (formerly known as Panxian), Guizhou, China. The discovery extends the geographical distribution of Feroxichthys from eastern Yunnan into western Guizhou, and demonstrates a more rapid diversification of early colobodontids than previously thought. The new species possesses diagnostic features of Feroxichthys (e.g., a fused lacrimal-maxilla), but it is easily distinguished from the type species Feroxichthys yunnanensis and other colobodontids by some derived features on the skull and, especially, the relatively short and deep body with a prominent postcranial hump. This body form, previously unknown in colobodontids, implicates a morphological adaptation to structurally complex habitats in light of ecological studies of modern ray-finned fishes with a similar body form. In addition, the feeding apparatus suggests a more obligate durophagous diet for F. panzhouensis sp. nov. than other colobodontids. Results of a cladistic analysis recover the new species as a sister taxon of F. yunnanensis within the Colobodontidae, and suggest that a hump-backed body form has independently evolved multiple times in Triassic neopterygians. As such, the new finding provides an important addition for our understanding of the morphological and ecological diversity of neopterygian fishes from the Triassic marine ecosystems in South China.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feroxichthys panzhouensissp. nov., a hump-backed colobodontid (Neopterygii, Actinopterygii) from the early Middle Triassic of Panzhou, Guizhou, China

Geng

2021

PeerJ

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“…Neopterygii is a diverse group of ray-finned fishes, including Teleostei, Holostei (e.g. gars and bownfin), and closely related fossil taxa ( Regan, 1923 ; Brough, 1931 , 1939 ; Stensiö, 1932 ; Lehman, 1952 ; Schaeffer, 1956 ; Patterson, 1973 , 1982 ; Gardiner, Maisey & Littlewood, 1996 ; Grande & Bemis, 1998 ; Arratia, 1999 ; Sallan, 2014 ; Friedman, 2015 ; López-Arbarello & Sferco, 2018 ; Clarke & Friedman, 2018 ; Xu & Ma, 2018 ; Xu, 2019 ). Teleostei, the largest subgroup of neopterygians or even vertebrates today, has no fossil record until the late Ladinian (~240 Ma), late Middle Triassic ( Arratia, 2013 , 2015 ; Tintori et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feroxichthys yunnanensis gen. et sp. nov. (Colobodontidae, Neopterygii), a large durophagous predator from the Middle Triassic (Anisian) Luoping Biota, eastern Yunnan, China

2020

PeerJ

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Neopterygii is a large group of ray-finned fishes which underwent a rapid radiation in the Middle Triassic. Until recently, 11 stem neopterygians have been recovered from the early Middle Triassic Luoping Biota in eastern Yunnan, China, and they are small to medium-sized fishes. Here, I report the discovery of a new stem neopterygian, Feroxichthys yunnanensis gen. et sp. nov. from the Luoping Biota, which represents the first evidence of large-sized stem neopteygians in this biota with a total length of ~340 mm (290 mm in standard length). The skull of the new taxon is exceptionally well-preserved, showing some peculiar features rarely known in other stem neopterygians, for example fusion of paired premaxillae, fusion of lacrimal with maxilla, and a fused parieto-dermopterotic with a strong posterior process. Phylogenetic studies recover Feroxichthys as a basal colobodontid, and a revised diagnosis of this family is presented. The feeding apparatus indicates that Feroxichthys might have been predominantly durophagous, resembling other colobodontids. However, the anterior peg-like teeth in the jaws of Feroxichthys are much longer and stronger than other colobodontids, enabling a more powerful initial prey capture before food was passed posteriorly to molariform teeth for crushing in the oral cavity. As a mysterious large durophagous predator previously unknown from the Luoping Biota, the new finding is important not only for understanding the early diversification of neopterygians during this age but also for investigating the trophic structure in this marine ecosystem.

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“…At present, there are only two candidates for Paleozoic neopterygians. One is Acentrophorus , “a ‘semionotid’ like taxon that desperately requires restudy and formal analysis” (Friedman, 2015: 222; cited as current by Xu, 2019; also Sun et al, 2016) of Wujiapingian age (between 254.14 ± 0.07 Ma and 259.1 ± 0.5 Ma: ICS). The “semionotids” are stem-members of Ginglymodi, i.e.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…data fig. 6–8; López-Arbarello and Sferco, 2018; Xu, 2019), but a generic “‘semionotid’-like taxon” could easily lie outside Neopterygii. In their in-depth study of neopterygian phylogeny, López-Arbarello and Sferco (2018) did not include Acentrophorus or even mention it in the text.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The making of calibration sausage exemplified by recalibrating the transcriptomic timetree of jawed vertebrates

Marjanović

2019

Preprint

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9Molecular divergence dating has the potential to overcome the incompleteness of the fossil record in 10 inferring when cladogenetic events (splits, divergences) happened, but needs to be calibrated by the 11 fossil record. Ideally but unrealistically, this would require practitioners to be specialists in molecular 12 evolution, in the phylogeny and the fossil record of all sampled taxa, and in the chronostratigraphy of 13 the sites the fossils were found in. Paleontologists have therefore tried to help by publishing 14 compendia of recommended calibrations, and molecular biologists unfamiliar with the fossil record 15have made heavy use of such works. Using a recent example of a large timetree inferred from 16 molecular data, I demonstrate that calibration dates cannot be taken from published compendia 17 without risking strong distortions to the results, because compendia become outdated faster than they 18 are published. The present work cannot serve as such a compendium either; in the slightly longer 19 term, it can only highlight known and overlooked problems. Future authors will need to solve each of 20 these problems anew through a thorough search of the primary paleobiological and 21 chronostratigraphic literature on each calibration date every time they infer a new timetree; over 40% 22 of the sources I cite were published after mid-2016. 23 Treating all calibrations as soft bounds results in younger nodes than treating all calibrations as hard 24bounds. The unexpected exception are nodes calibrated with both minimum and maximum ages, 25 further demonstrating the widely underestimated importance of maximum ages in divergence dating. 26

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Osteology and phylogeny ofRobustichthys luopingensis, the largest holostean fish in the Middle Triassic

Cited by 19 publications

References 63 publications

Feroxichthys panzhouensissp. nov., a hump-backed colobodontid (Neopterygii, Actinopterygii) from the early Middle Triassic of Panzhou, Guizhou, China

Feroxichthys panzhouensissp. nov., a hump-backed colobodontid (Neopterygii, Actinopterygii) from the early Middle Triassic of Panzhou, Guizhou, China

Feroxichthys yunnanensis gen. et sp. nov. (Colobodontidae, Neopterygii), a large durophagous predator from the Middle Triassic (Anisian) Luoping Biota, eastern Yunnan, China

The making of calibration sausage exemplified by recalibrating the transcriptomic timetree of jawed vertebrates

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