Osteoporosis in men: Epidemiology, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment

Olszynski, Wojciech P.; Davison, K. Shawn; Adachi, Jonathan D.; Brown, Jacques P.; Cummings, Steven R.; Hanley, David A.; Harris, Steven P.; Hodsman, Anthony B.; Kendler, David L.; McClung, Michael R.; Miller, Paul D.; Yuen, Chui Kin

doi:10.1016/s0149-2918(04)90002-1

Cited by 149 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…In this study, there was no significant difference between the social and demographic variables-education, monthly income, and family history of fracture and osteoporosis. This was discordant with findings in England, Turkey, Sweden, and Italy which revealed that osteoporosis was associated with poor education, family history of fracture, and low monthly income (Hui et al, 1988;Cankurtaran and Yavuz 2005;Olszynski et al, 2004;Biino et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 45%

Risk factors of osteoporosis among adults in Ethiopia, the case of Tigrai region: A case control study

Alemayehu¹,

Enqueselassie²,

Zenebe³

et al. 2014

J. Public Health Epidemiol.

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Osteoporosis is one of the most common public health problems affecting adults and elderlies in developing countries. This study aims to examine the potential risk factors of osteoporosis among adults in Tigrai, Northern Ethiopia. This is a case-control study. Cases and controls were assigned by two radiologists after radiographic examination of the wrist. An interviewer administered questionnaire was used and information on demographic characteristics and potential risk factors were collected. Data was processed and analyzed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 19. Binary logistic regression was used to control confounders. A total of 130 osteoporotic cases and 266 controls participated in the study. The mean ± standard deviation (SD) age of cases and controls were 60.9 ± 10.1 and 46.9 ± 8.7 years, respectively. The multivariate analysis adjusted for age and sex showed that rural residents were 1.93 times more likely to develop osteoporosis than the urban inhabitants with an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.93 (95% CI, 1.11, 3.36). The strongest association was also found when the work of the respondent involves decreased physical activity with AOR 3.53 (95% CI, 1.98 and 6.30). Furthermore, milk consumption greater than four times a week and smoking showed a significant association with the AOR 0.33 (95% CI, 0.19 and 0.58), and AOR 0.17 (95% CI, 0.05 and 0.58), respectively. Residing in the rural setting and smoking were positively associated with osteoporosis. In contrast, milk intake greater than four times a week, and when work involves vigorous exercise, appeared to be associated with a reduced risk of osteoporosis. Therefore, the findings from the study suggest the need for changes of lifestyle that includes encouraging adults to stop smoking, engage in vigorous physical activities aging and adequate dietary intake including milk. Strategies to identify and manage osteoporosis in the primary health care setting need to be established.Key words: Case control, osteoporosis, risk factors, bone mineral density, DR-F digital radiography, Ethiopia. INTRODUCTIONThe patient profile in health institutions all over the developing world is changing. Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have already established themselves as the predominant cause of disease and death in many middle-income countries including Ethiopia (WHO 2010).Osteoporosis is one of the non-communicable diseases defined as a skeletal disorder characterized by low bone density and micro-architectural deterioration of bony tissue *Corresponding author. E-mail: alemayehub35@gmail.com. Conference, 1991). It is one of the most common public health problems in adults and older people worldwide (Ross 1996). It is a common silent disease affecting both women and men over the age of 50 years. A significant number of clinical symptoms associated with osteoporosis become evident only after the occurrence of hip, vertebral, or wrist fractures. These fractures lead to many problems such as mortality, morbidity, and economic problems to individuals...

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 45%

Risk factors of osteoporosis among adults in Ethiopia, the case of Tigrai region: A case control study

Alemayehu¹,

Enqueselassie²,

Zenebe³

et al. 2014

J. Public Health Epidemiol.

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“…It is known that men with hip fracture have a higher proportion of secondary osteoporosis and that they are more prone to alcohol excess [14]. We therefore speculate that the larger discrepancy in men than in women when comparing the forearm fracture cohort with the controls could also be based on similar factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Low calcaneal bone mineral density and the risk of distal forearm fracture in women and men: A population-based case-control study

Atroshi

Ahlander

Billsten

et al. 2009

Bone

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"Low calcaneal bone mineral density and the risk of distal forearm fracture in women and men: A population-based case-control study." and T-scores. Osteoporosis was defined as T-score ≤-2.5 SD. Of the fracture cohort, 254women aged 40-80 years and 27 men aged 60-80 years were compared with population-based control cohorts comprising 171 women in the age groups 50, 60, 70 and 80 years and 75 men in the age groups 60, 70, and 80 years. Results:In the fracture population no woman below 40 years or man below 60 years of age had osteoporosis. In women aged 40-80 years the prevalence of osteoporosis in the distal forearm fracture cohort was 34% and in the population-based controls was 25%; the ageadjusted prevalence ratio (PR) was 1.32 (95% CI 1.00-1.76). In the subgroup of women 60-80 years the age-adjusted prevalence ratio of osteoporosis was 1.28 (95% CI 0.95-1.71). In men Conclusions:The age-adjusted prevalence of osteoporosis based on calcaneal BMD is higher in individuals with distal forearm fracture than in population-based controls. BMD impairment is associated with increased odds ratio for forearm fracture in both women and men but the differences between cases and controls are more pronounced in men than in women, which may have implications in fracture prevention.3

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“…1 Osteoporosis and fragility fractures in men constitute a considerable health care burden. 2 The risk of fracture is directly associated with bone mineral density (BMD). 3 Bone loss is expected with age, 4,5 and it dramatically increases the incidence of hip and vertebral fractures in both men and women.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary intake of Brazilian black and white men and its relationship to the bone mineral density of the femoral neck

et al. 2006

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Dietary intake of Brazilian black and white men and its relationship to the bone mineral density of the femoral neck Heliópolis Hospital and Faculdade de Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil INTRODUCTIONOsteoporosis is an important public health problem because of the significant morbidity and mortality associated with bone fractures and the high cost of treatment. 1Osteoporosis and fragility fractures in men constitute a considerable health care burden. The risk of fracture is directly associated with bone mineral density (BMD).3 Bone loss is expected with age, 4,5 and it dramatically increases the incidence of hip and vertebral fractures in both men and women. 6 The frequency of occurrence of bone fractures in South America is lower than in other regions of the world; however, it is possible that this problem is becoming intensifi ed due to the increasing life expectancy of the population on this continent. 7Although bone loss occurs with age for everybody, the incidence of bone loss fractures varies greatly between racial groups. 8 Higher bone mass has been observed in black individuals than in white individuals. 9,10 Calcium intake is a signifi cant determinant of BMD. In countries with high osteoporotic fracture incidence, low calcium intake among older men and women is associated with increased fracture risk.11 On the other hand, inadequate protein intake, when too high or too low, increases the risk of osteoporotic fractures. 6,11 Low body weight is related to bone mass decline and to increased risk of osteoporotic fractures. 12 It should be noted that the majority of studies on dietary intake, bone mass and osteoporosis have been carried out in developed countries, where the population's lifestyle and food consumption are very different from those of developing nations. Moreover, although it is known that there are important differences in bone mineral density between black and non-black individuals, the study of dietary intake differences in racial groups has received little attention. OBJECTIVEThe aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between calcium, protein and energy intake and the bone mineral density of the femoral neck (FNBMD) in Brazilian men aged 50 years and older, comparing black and white individuals. METHODS Population PopulationThis was a cross-sectional study involving volunteer men. From February to August 1997, we recruited 307 healthy male subjects aged 50 years or older, all resident in the city of São Paulo (southeastern Brazil). They were men whose wives had been referred by their primary care physicians for a bone densitometry scan, or who had responded to a newspaper advertisement.We excluded from the study men using any kind of medication or having medical conditions that could affect bone metabolism: there was one individual with cancer of the colon, one with multiple myeloma, one with hyperthyroidism and one with rheumatoid arthritis. Twenty-two individuals were excluded due to the lack of bone densitometry data and 25 individuals w...

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Osteoporosis in men: Epidemiology, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment

Cited by 149 publications

References 114 publications

Risk factors of osteoporosis among adults in Ethiopia, the case of Tigrai region: A case control study

Risk factors of osteoporosis among adults in Ethiopia, the case of Tigrai region: A case control study

Low calcaneal bone mineral density and the risk of distal forearm fracture in women and men: A population-based case-control study

Dietary intake of Brazilian black and white men and its relationship to the bone mineral density of the femoral neck

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