Osteosarcoma Metastatic to the Globes in a Dog

Abstract

Osteosarcoma Metastatic to the Globes in a DogA seven-year-old spayed female Saint Bernard had swelling of the right carpus, and radiographically, the distal right radius was approximately twice the normal diameter because of an expansive, proliferative, destructive, osseous neoplastic lesion. The diagnosis of osteosarcoma was made from examination of a biopsy of the mass.Treatment consisted of amputation of the right front limb and monthly injections of methyl extracted residues of the Bacillus Calmette-Guerin strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Thirteen months after limb amputation, the dog was presented with a recent history of bilateral blindness. She had ophthalmic alterations of slow direct pupillary light responses in both eyes, bilateral bullous retinal detachment, corneal edema of the right globe, and inferior strabismus of the right eye. Radiographically, multiple nodular densities were seen in the lungs.Fourteen months after the amputation of the right front limb, the dog was presented for euthanasia and necropsy. At this time, the dog's right globe was buphthalmic with conjunctival and episcleral congestion, corneal vascularization, and lenticular luxation. The left globe had conjunctival congestion, corneal edema, and marked reduction of the intraocular pressure.Necropsy findings of disseminated neoplasia were confirmed microscopically as osteosarcoma. Multiple, white, gritty nodules were found in various anatomic sites.The globes were removed, fKed in Zenker's solution, embedded in paraffin, cut at 6 pm, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE). Brief CommunicationMicroscopically, the right globe had severe internal distortion ( fig. 1). A circumscribed subretinal tumor mass attached to the choroid was overlying the optic disc. The retina was detached and consisted only of variable numbers of nuclei in irregular, eosinophilic bands. Degenerative changes in the optic nerve included demyelination, axonal swelling, and necrosis. The vitreal cavity contained masses of blood confluent with areas of detached, degenerated, liquified vitreous that focally contained fibrous tissue. The vitreal fibrous tissue was continuous with a fibrovascular membrane that covered the pupil and the anterior surface of the iris, producing distortion of the iris with both entropion uveae and ectropion uveae. The ciliary body was congested, edematous, and had dispersed melanin and melanin-containing macrophages. In the lens, prominent cataractous changes involved the fibers of the anterior subcapsular cortex, the posterior subcapsular cortex, and the equatorial cortex. The lenticular lesions were liquifactive necrosis of the lenticular fibers with Morgagnian globule formation. The posterior and anterior chambers contained a granular proteinaceous exudate. Corneal alterations consisted of stromal edema with neovascularization.The left globe was rounded and glaucomatous ( fig. 2). A subretinal tumor mass attached to the choroid was overlying the optic disc. The retina was detached and mildly degenerative. The optic nerve al...

Canine ocular neoplasia: a review

“…). Immunohistochemistry may be helpful to determine the histogenesis of poorly differentiated metastases . The prognosis for life varies with the tumor type.…”

“…Immunohistochemistry may be helpful to determine the histogenesis of poorly differentiated metastases. 1,2,4,8,9,11,12,90,[110][111][112][113] The prognosis for life varies with the tumor type. The prognosis for the globe is considered poor as enucleation may be required, blinding sequelae such as retinal detachment Retina/optic nerve Astrocytomas (gliomas) Clinically, astrocytomas appear as a discrete mass in the fundus or more frequently, retinal detachment with secondary vitreal hemorrhage, hyphema, and glaucoma.…”

Metastatic intraocular hemangiopericytoma in a dog

“…Lymphoma is the most common of those tumors which have been noted to spread to the eye (Hendrix, 2013). Less commonly documented intraocular metastatic neoplasms include melanoma, hemangiosarcoma, malignant histiocytosis, adenocarcinoma, osteosarcoma, transitional cell carcinoma, and others (Szymanski, 1972;Schmidt, 1981;Render et al, 1982;Szymanski et al, 1984;Habin and Elsa, 1995;Esson et al, 2007;Naranjo et al, 2007;Mowat et al, 2012). Patients with metastatic ocular neoplasia may present with systemic signs attributable to the disease or may only have observable ophthalmic signs.…”

A Dog with Osteosarcoma which Metastasized to the Eye Months before Metastasis to Other Organs

“…However, these reports of secondary orbital osteosarcoma are not intraocular neoplasia, but retrobulbar cases [1,11,14]. In dogs, just one case of metastatic choroidal osteosarcoma and some cases of primary intraocular osteosarcoma have been reported by several authors [6,9,19,22], but reports of canine secondary osteosarcoma in the anterior chamber do not exist.…”

“…The most common metastasis site of osteosarcoma is the lung parenchyma, and other sites include bone, spleen, and other soft tissues [3]. In the only report of canine metastatic choroidal osteosarcoma, the ocular lesion was found at the same time that the lung metastases were found [19]. However, in this dog, the first metastasis which was clinically detectable was in the right eye, and after enucleation he was doing very well until lung metastasis was found by radiograph.…”