Hydromorphone (0.04-0.08 mg/kg) and acepromazine (0.04 mg/kg) cause significant miosis in dogs at 10 and 25 min following intramuscular administration.

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Osteosarcoma Metastatic to the Globes in a DogA seven-year-old spayed female Saint Bernard had swelling of the right carpus, and radiographically, the distal right radius was approximately twice the normal diameter because of an expansive, proliferative, destructive, osseous neoplastic lesion. The diagnosis of osteosarcoma was made from examination of a biopsy of the mass.Treatment consisted of amputation of the right front limb and monthly injections of methyl extracted residues of the Bacillus Calmette-Guerin strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Thirteen months after limb amputation, the dog was presented with a recent history of bilateral blindness. She had ophthalmic alterations of slow direct pupillary light responses in both eyes, bilateral bullous retinal detachment, corneal edema of the right globe, and inferior strabismus of the right eye. Radiographically, multiple nodular densities were seen in the lungs.Fourteen months after the amputation of the right front limb, the dog was presented for euthanasia and necropsy. At this time, the dog's right globe was buphthalmic with conjunctival and episcleral congestion, corneal vascularization, and lenticular luxation. The left globe had conjunctival congestion, corneal edema, and marked reduction of the intraocular pressure.Necropsy findings of disseminated neoplasia were confirmed microscopically as osteosarcoma. Multiple, white, gritty nodules were found in various anatomic sites.The globes were removed, fKed in Zenker's solution, embedded in paraffin, cut at 6 pm, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE). Brief CommunicationMicroscopically, the right globe had severe internal distortion ( fig. 1). A circumscribed subretinal tumor mass attached to the choroid was overlying the optic disc. The retina was detached and consisted only of variable numbers of nuclei in irregular, eosinophilic bands. Degenerative changes in the optic nerve included demyelination, axonal swelling, and necrosis. The vitreal cavity contained masses of blood confluent with areas of detached, degenerated, liquified vitreous that focally contained fibrous tissue. The vitreal fibrous tissue was continuous with a fibrovascular membrane that covered the pupil and the anterior surface of the iris, producing distortion of the iris with both entropion uveae and ectropion uveae. The ciliary body was congested, edematous, and had dispersed melanin and melanin-containing macrophages. In the lens, prominent cataractous changes involved the fibers of the anterior subcapsular cortex, the posterior subcapsular cortex, and the equatorial cortex. The lenticular lesions were liquifactive necrosis of the lenticular fibers with Morgagnian globule formation. The posterior and anterior chambers contained a granular proteinaceous exudate. Corneal alterations consisted of stromal edema with neovascularization.The left globe was rounded and glaucomatous ( fig. 2). A subretinal tumor mass attached to the choroid was overlying the optic disc. The retina was detached and mildly degenerative. The optic nerve al...

Congenital ocular and related anomalies were studied in two unrelated young raccoons. One animal was anophthalmic and had severe anomalies of the central nervous system, consisting of meningoencephalocele, pachygyria, hydranencephaly, cerebellar cavitation, syringomyelia, and other defects. A second animal was microphthalmic with congenital defects of the nose, maxilla and teeth. Ocular lesions were severe and included chorioretinal coloboma, retinal folds, disorganized neuroectodermal cell layers, spherophakia, cataract and other defects. The nose had unilateral abnormal epithelium, hair follicles, sweat glands and sebaceous glands, and a lack of parietal cartilage on the affected side.