Otolaryngologic manifestations among HIV/AIDS patients in a Nigerian tertiary health institution: an update

Abstract

Summary Introduction/Aim:?This study is to determine these manifestations among HIV/AIDS patients in Ilorin to update on previous study. Method:?This was a prospective study of all consecutive new patients confirmed to be HIV positive attending the HIV clinic of the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Kwara state, Nigeria between January and July, 2009. These patients were on HAART anti retroviral drug treatment. The information retrieved included the biodata, clinical presentation, otolaryngologic clinical findings, as well as their hearing assessment with Pure tone audiometry. Results:?74 out of the 89 HIV patients(82.8%) had otorhinolaryngological manifestations with the age range of 3 to 62 years (Mean of 36.4 yrs, SD?=?2.45????0.02). The modal age range was 21-40 years (59.6%) 51males (57.3%) and 38 females (42.7%) and a sex ratio of 1.3:1. Commonest otorhinolaryngological features included nasal in 45.6% (chronic rhinosinusitis), oral/oropharyngeal in 23.9% (oral candidiasis), otological in 21.5% (Serous otitis media) and cervical adenopathy in 9%. Conclusion:?Otorhinolaryngological manifestations were found in 74 patients (82.8%) and commonest features included chronic sinusitis, oral/pharyngeal candidiasis, serous otitis media with cervical adeopathy in that order. It is important for otolaryngologists to be aware of otolaryngological manifestations, so early diagnosis and timely intervention alongside appropriate anti-retroviral therapy be instituted to improve survival rates.

Otolaryngological, head and neck manifestations in HIV-infected patients seen at Steve Biko Academic Hospital in Pretoria, South Africa

“…[1,2,9] No study of this nature has been conducted in SA; however, studies encompassing 1 155 patients from 3 developing countries; namely Nigeria (n=89), Iran (n=98) and India (n=968), have been conducted. [1,2,11] In contrast to these studies, females were in the majority in our study. There are several potential reasons for this predominance: it might reflect the SA migrant labour system where males work away from home and females are home-bound; women tend to seek medical attention earlier than men; antenatal clinics in SA are well equipped and are excellent for early HIV screening of women in pregnancy and, according to the SA statistical survey in 2012, females outnumber males in the population as a whole.…”

“…The Nigerian study showed a high percentage of OME, followed by SNHL, vestibulo-cochlear symptoms (vertigo, tinnitus, and hearing loss) and low yield of CSOM, similar to the India study. [11] The most common and earliest rhinological manifestation was adenoid hypertrophy/hyperplasia, which may present as nasal blockage, snoring and/or hearing loss from OME -due to eustachian tube obstruction, followed by allergy-like symptoms (rhinitis, sneeze and itchiness) and sinusitis (atrophic rhinitis, epistaxis and blockage). In the other studies, sinusitis was the most prevalent, followed by allergy-like symptoms and epistaxis.…”

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: Does Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Influence Ear Nose Throat Manifestations?

“…In our study, prevalence of ENT manifestations before the availability of HAART, was found to be 86.0% in 2004, while after introducing the HAART, prevalence of ENT manifestations was 93.0% in 2014. The study done in Nigeria in 2010 showed 82.8% prevalence [6]. In our study, most of the cases were 31-40 years old.…”

Avaliação da saúde auditiva em crianças com HIV/AIDS

“…Author (7) observed reported conductive (58%), mixed (23.6%), and sensorineural (18.4%) hearing loss in affected juvenile patients. Another study (19) investigated the hearing loss type in each ear and reported conductive hearing loss in the right ear in 22.5% of patients and left in 33.7%, sensorineural in the right in 10.1% and left in 7.9%, and mixed in the right ear in 9% of patient and left in 7.9%.…”

“…Another study (27) detected a high viral load in patients with otologic clinical manifestations, further indicating the association between hearing loss and the time of diagnosis. Most studies of HIV-infected individuals (children or adults) report a higher prevalence of ear infections in addition to auditory symptoms, such as buzzing and ear ache, especially in patients undergoing antiretroviral therapy (7,19,24,27,28) . Therefore, audiometric examinations are important to monitor the hearing of children with HIV/AIDS, with the aim of preventing future hearing loss and other otic sequelae.…”