Our American Society of Criminology, the World, and the State of the Art‐the American Society of Criminology 1995 Presidential Address

Adler, Freda

doi:10.1111/j.1745-9125.1996.tb01192.x

Cited by 26 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…As has been previously demonstrated, institutional weaknesses contribute more to Colombia's high rates of violence than social inequality does, contrary to studies in societies with moderate or low rates of violence—essentially urban—that have strong regulations and social control systems that maintain cohesion. In those settings, a direct relationship between violence and inequality has been found [47]. It could be speculated from our findings that as the deterrent power of the state becomes more effective and the peace and demobilization processes with the remaining armed groups' progress [20], reducing social inequality could become a more important factor in continuing the reduction in homicide rates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Trends of Rural/Urban Homicide in Colombia, 1992-2015: Internal Armed Conflict and Hints for Postconflict

Vallejo

Tapias

Arroyave

2018

BioMed Research International

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Objective. To analyze the relationship between rural and urban homicide rates in Colombia between 1992 and 2015 and the fluctuations in these rates. Methods. Individual records of homicides and population aggregates in men and women aged 15-64 years were used. The adjusted rates of annual homicides were calculated for urban/rural areas and standardized by age. Rate Ratios (RRs) adjusted by region were calculated. A joinpoint analysis was performed to identify inflection points and the Annual Percentage Change (APC). Results. Four joinpoints were identified in rural and urban rates: after peaking in 1992, homicide rates fell until 1997, and then increased until 2002. From this point on there was a continuous reduction until 2015, although this reduction slowed down from 2005 onward. During almost the whole period, the rates of rural homicides were higher than those of urban homicides, although they equalized at the end of the period. Conclusions. Unlike in other countries, during the study period Colombian homicide rates, which coincided with the dynamics of the armed conflict, were higher in rural than in urban areas. In recent years, a predominance of urban homicides committed by younger men has been identified, which could pose a challenge to postconflict in Colombia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Trends of Rural/Urban Homicide in Colombia, 1992-2015: Internal Armed Conflict and Hints for Postconflict

Vallejo

Tapias

Arroyave

2018

BioMed Research International

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“…Only a few studies have applied this theory in other countries (e.g., Canada, China, Greece, Korea, and Russia), and studies that focus on similarities and differences between the test results of the GST across nations are virtually nonexistent (see Botchkovar, Tittle, & Antonaccio, 2009;Sigfusdottir, Kristjansson, & Agnew, 2012, for exceptions).That explains why Froggio (2007) questions the utility of GST in explaining juvenile delinquency in other countries, because cultural attitudes and values may influence one to define events and conditions as either typical or stressful; hence, what is seen as a strain in the United States may not be seen as such in other cultures, and may not lead to negative emotions and delinquency (Chun, Moons, & Cronkite, 2005). Consequently, Adler (1996) argues for testing and applying criminological theories in other countries, and cross-cultural studies help in refining a theory to accommodate cultural differences (Kim, Triandis, Kagitcibasi, Choi, & Yoon, 1994;Kohn, 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strain, Negative Emotions, and Juvenile Delinquency

Lin

Dembo

Sellers

et al. 2013

Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol

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General strain theory (GST) is an established criminological theory. Although the theory has been examined by many and enjoys empirical support, some limitations of previous studies need to be addressed. Many previous studies rely heavily on samples from Western countries, mostly the United States; thus, possible cultural influences are ignored. Although a few studies have moved forward by using subjects from Asia (e.g., China, Korea), these studies only provide empirical results regarding whether GST is applicable in other cultures. However, these studies do not directly compare Western and Eastern countries. The present study used two samples from the United States and Taiwan to directly compare and contrast central GST propositions. Although most of the GST propositions are found to be similar between the U.S. and Taiwanese juveniles, some differences were also discovered. Explanation of these similarities and differences from their cultural perspectives are offered in this study.

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“…Criminological theories are inevitably “saturated with cultural meaning,” to borrow a phrase from Marenin and Reisig (: 502). We thus echo the call of prominent criminologists to use comparative inquiry to gain more knowledge and better understanding of social processes that are truly general and in so doing to “make sense out” of outcomes typically viewed from a national or a local perspective (LaFree, : 16; see also Adler, ; Farrington, ).…”

Section: Summary and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Neighborhood Social Control and Perceptions of Crime and Disorder in Contemporary Urban China*

2017

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KEYWORDS: neighborhood organization, social control, perceptions of crime and disorder, urban China By drawing on the two streams of Western literature on "neighborhood effects" and perceptions of neighborhood disorder adapted to the distinctive organizational infrastructure of neighborhoods in contemporary urban China, we examine the contextual effects of different forms of neighborhood social control (i.e., collective efficacy, semipublic control, public control, and market-based control) on different types of perceived disorder (i.e., criminal activity, social disorder, physical disorder, and total disorder) across neighborhoods. The analyses are based on data collected in the year 2013 from a survey of approximately 2,500 households in 50 neighborhoods across the city of Tianjin. Collective efficacy as a form of informal control has a significant effect only for perceived social disorder. Public control as measured by the activities of neighborhood police stations has a significant contextual effect on all forms of perceived disorder, whereas the role of market-based control as represented by contracted community services is limited to perceived physical disorder. Finally, semipublic control as measured by the activities of neighborhood committees significantly affects all forms of perceived disorder, but the direction of the effect is positive. We interpret this positive effect with reference to the complex processes surrounding the "translation" of neighborhood disorderly conditions into perceptions of disorder.A key development in criminology over the course of the past few decades has been the resurgence of interest in "neighborhood effects" to understand disorderly conditions, including criminal activity (Sampson, Morenoff, and Gannon-Rowley, 2002). As Skogan (2012: 174; has observed, the accumulated evidence is difficult to summarize succinctly because the concept of disorder encompasses a wide range of concrete

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Our American Society of Criminology, the World, and the State of the Art‐the American Society of Criminology 1995 Presidential Address

Cited by 26 publications

References 4 publications

Trends of Rural/Urban Homicide in Colombia, 1992-2015: Internal Armed Conflict and Hints for Postconflict

Trends of Rural/Urban Homicide in Colombia, 1992-2015: Internal Armed Conflict and Hints for Postconflict

Strain, Negative Emotions, and Juvenile Delinquency

Neighborhood Social Control and Perceptions of Crime and Disorder in Contemporary Urban China*

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