Our Experiences in Nipple Reconstruction Using the Hammond flap

Yang, Jung Dug; Ryu, Jeong Yeop; Ryu, Dong Wan; Kwon, Owen; Bae, Sung Gun; Lee, Jeong Woo; Choi, Kang Young; Chung, Ho Yun; Cho, Byung Chae

doi:10.5999/aps.2014.41.5.550

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The classical C-H flap group showed approximately 50% projection loss during the postoperative 1 year, and this rate is similar to what Hammond introduced in 2007. [ 19 , 20 ] Our modified technique reduced this projection loss rate to 38%. The projection of the reconstructed nipple of both groups at postoperative 1 year was significantly different with .002 of P value.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modified C-H flap for simultaneous nipple reconstruction during autologous breast reconstruction

et al. 2018

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Background:Reconstruction of the nipple–areolar complex is the final stage of breast reconstruction. Nipple reconstruction is usually performed several months after breast reconstruction, because simultaneous reconstruction is thought to be risky. Here, we introduce our experiences of 1-stage procedures with immediate reconstruction of the nipple–areolar complex during autologous breast reconstruction.Methods:Between 2008 and 2015, 51 mastectomy patients underwent 1-stage breast and nipple reconstruction. All cases were reconstructed immediately with autologous tissue for the breast mound. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to the method of nipple–areolar complex reconstruction. In group A, 23 cases were reconstructed with a classical C-H flap, also known as the Hammond flap. In group B, 28 cases were reconstructed with a modified C-H flap, which is the evolved form of the classical Hammond flap. The nipple–areolar complex was evaluated preoperatively, immediately postoperatively, and 1 year postoperatively. Postoperative complications were also evaluated.Results:The mean projection of the reconstructed nipple decreased by approximately 50% in group A and 38% in group B during the postoperative 1 year. However, the reconstructed nipple width and areolar diameter did not show a significant change in either group. Group A showed 26% of complication rate and 17% of revision rate, whereas group B showed 11% of complication rate and 4% of revision rate. However, no major complications such as complete necrosis of the reconstructed nipple, were observed in any patients.Conclusion:The modified technique group showed superior results in terms of safety and cosmesis. With our modified C-H flap method, simultaneous breast and nipple reconstruction is safe and has satisfactory results.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modified C-H flap for simultaneous nipple reconstruction during autologous breast reconstruction

et al. 2018

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“…Valdatta et al 12 reported that, for their 29 patients with an implant mound, the maintenance rate was 58% for the C-V flap after 12 months. For the extended latissimus dorsi flap mound, Yang et al 13 reported that the maintenance rate was 56.4% for the Hammond flap after 12 months. Compared with these data reported in the literature, we believe that our novel method is good enough and comparable with the conventional method.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quadruped and Dermal Bridge Flap for Nipple Reconstruction

Fujisawa¹,

Asato

Suzuki

et al. 2018

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open

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Background:This report describes the authors' novel preferred method of nipple reconstruction over 10 years.Methods:The procedure was used in 39 patients (unilateral 38, bilateral 1). The circle is designed as the new nipple cap. Then, 4 fan-shapes (one-quarter of the circle) are drawn so that the base portion is in contact with the circumference. These fanshapes are deepithelialized, and their linear portions are cut with full thickness of skin and elevated as dermal flaps. Then, the cross-type flap is elevated with sufficient subcutaneous fat. The two pairs of dermal flaps are sutured to each other on a diagonal line. Double-layer dermal bridge flaps sustain the base of the pocket. As a result, the cross flap becomes a birdcage-like tower. The rolled auricular cartilage is placed into the pocket.Results:In one early case, the cartilage was exposed. Early postoperatively, the other three cases underwent reoperation during other procedures because the reconstructed nipple was too large or too small. The projection of the flap was designed to be 7–15 mm (average, 9.3 mm). The average follow-up period was 25.7 ± 22.0 months. The reconstructed nipple projection was maintained at 4.4 ± 2.4 mm (maintenance rate, 48.4% ± 27.0%).Conclusions:All scars were contained within the periareolar region and thus could be completely camouflaged by tattooing. The perfusion of the skin flap is stable because of sufficient circulation from quadruped pedicle. The cartilage supported by the double-layered dermal bridge flaps contributes to nipple projection. We recommend it for patients seeking nipple reconstruction.

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“…Photographs were taken before, immediately and 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery. The reduction rate of each individual nipple projection was calculated using the following equation …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…reported that the reduction rate at 6 months was about 50%, and the reduction rate was reported to be 53%. Several other studies have analysed the long‐term preservation of nipple projection in relation to the breast mound, but the findings remain controversial. To improve surgery outcomes by avoiding these negative outcomes and donor site morbidity while maintaining long‐term nipple projection, we aimed to improve the overall nipple shape and patient satisfaction by using collagen, an alloplastic material, as the main component for reconstruction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%