Outbreak of Cholera, Greater Accra Region, Ghana, 2014

Dzotsi, Emmanuel; Odoom, John Kofi; Opare, Joseph; Davies-Teye, B

doi:10.9734/jsrr/2016/21461

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Other studies have documented youthful populations as the most affected age group. 10 , 14 , 15 In direct contrast to this, other studies have reported children and elderly people mostly affected by cholera. 16 , 17 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

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Protracted cholera outbreak in the Central Region, Ghana, 2016

Issahaku

Asiedu-Bekoe

Kwashie

et al. 2020

gmj

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Objective: On 24th October 2016, the Central Regional Health Directorate received report of a suspected cholera outbreak in the Cape Coast Metropolis (CCM). We investigated to confirm the diagnosis, identify risk factors and implement control measures.Design: We used a descriptive study followed by 1:2 unmatched case-control study.Data source: We reviewed medical records, conducted active case search and contact tracing, interviewed case-patients and their contacts and conducted environmental assessment. Case-patients' stool samples were tested with point of care test kits (SD Bioline Cholera Ag 01/0139) and sent to the Cape Coast Teaching Hospital Laboratory for confirmation.Main outcomes: Cause of outbreak, risk factors associated with spread of outbreakResults: Vibrio cholerae serotype Ogawa caused the outbreak. There was no mortality. Of 704 case-patients, 371(52.7%) were males and 55(7.8%) were aged under-five years. The median age was 23 years (interquartile range: 16-32 years). About a third 248(35.2%) of the case patients were aged 15-24 years. The University of Cape Coast subdistrict was the epicenter with 341(48.44%) cases. Compared to controls, cholera case-patients were more likely to have visited Cholera Treatment Centers (CTC) (aOR=12.1, 95%CI: 1.5-101.3), drank pipe-borne water (aOR=11.7, 95%CI: 3.3-41.8), or drank street-vended sachet water (aOR=11.0, 95%CI: 3.7-32.9). Open defecation and broken sewage pipes were observed in the epicenter.Conclusion: Vibrio cholerae serotype Ogawa caused the CCM cholera outbreak mostly affecting the youth. Visiting CTC was a major risk factor. Prompt case-management, contact tracing, health education, restricting access to CTC and implementing water sanitation and hygiene activities helped in the control.Keywords: Cholera outbreak, Vibrio cholerae serotype Ogawa, Cholera treatment center, Water sanitation and hygiene, Cape Coast MetropolisFunding: This work was supported by Ghana Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program (GFELTP), University of Ghana

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Vibrio cholerae serotype Ogawa has been reported by previous studies to be the common cause of outbreaks especially in urban areas. 3 , 9 , 10 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protracted cholera outbreak in the Central Region, Ghana, 2016

Issahaku

Asiedu-Bekoe

Kwashie

et al. 2020

gmj

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“…Ghana, like other countries in sub-Saharan Africa, has about 7.9 million of its people living in cholera hotspots [3]. The Ghana Health Service in 2016 reported a cholera outbreak which affected seven out of the ten administrative regions of the country [7], and the coastal regions are the high-risk areas experiencing increased occurrence and intensity of cholera epidemics [8]. The major risk factors identified for cholera epidemics in the country based on environmental assessment and research include open defecation practices, unsuitable dumping of refuse, safe drinking water inaccessibility, overflowing refuse dumps, blocked gutters, leaking sewage pipes, overcrowding in communities, poor personal hygiene, and poor food safety practices that result in food contamination [9–12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining health literacy on cholera in an endemic community in Accra, Ghana: a cross-sectional study

2019

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Background The periodic and seasonal outbreaks of cholera in Ghana make the disease a vital health concern. The country is cholera endemic with several communities within cholera hotspots. This study, therefore, assesses health literacy on cholera and the association between health literacy competency and health outcome. Methods The study adopted a health literacy framework that theorized the pathways between health literacy and health outcomes controlling for confounding factors. A survey questionnaire was administered to a representative sample of 401 individual household heads in James Town, Accra, Ghana. Reliability analysis was undertaken to ascertain the internal consistency of the instrument. Bivariate methods of analyses used were chi-square tests, ANOVA, Mann–Whitney U test, and Kruskal–Wallis test. Binary logistic regression models were run to examine the relative effects of health literacy competency on health outcome (having not had cholera). Results There are substantial knowledge gaps about environmental risk factors for cholera like the presence of the cholera germ in coastal water, as well as the likelihood of contracting cholera due to overcrowded spaces. However, better knowledge on cholera risk factors was found to be associated with better health literacy competency (food safety and personal hygiene practices). An increase in health literacy competency score was associated with lower likelihood of having had cholera, after controlling for intermediate factors. Conclusion Furthering health literacy on cholera environmental risk factors as well as a deliberate and targeted effort in encouraging consistency in the translation of disease knowledge into healthier practices may improve the well-being of the people.

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“…Studies which identify socio-economic factors [8–10] are not detailed but provide mostly socio-economic linkages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic evaluation of 2014 cholera outbreak in Ghana: a household cost analysis

et al. 2017

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IntroductionGhana experienced its worst cholera outbreak in three decades in 2014. Evidence of cholera economic costs on affected households has been limited. This study aimed at determining economic costs on households affected by the cholera outbreak in a Coastal Region of Ghana.MethodsTwo districts; High and Low Incidence Areas (HIA and LIA) were selected in comparative cost analysis and disease impact on affected households assessed based on scientifically documented economic indicators. A total of 418 (282 HIA and 136 LIA) households that experienced at least one case of cholera infection were interviewed. Direct and indirect costs were estimated. Correlates of household’s cholera infection were estimated using Tobit Regression model in STATA 13.ResultsAverage direct cost to households in HIA amounted to USD 106.88, almost 2 folds higher than LIA (USD 62.02). Potential cost saving of an episode of cholera is USD 99,201.28 in LIA and raises almost 8 folds in HIA (USD 782,611.60). Households in lowest income category had the highest incidence of cholera (0.073) compared to other categories plus other factors were significant in explaining cholera incidence.ConclusionsThe study showed considerable differences in HIA and LIA costs with higher household economic impact of cholera on the lowest income category. Results underscore the need for pragmatic policy interventions to avert recurrent outbreaks and emphasis huge potential cost saving with reducing cholera cases.

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Outbreak of Cholera, Greater Accra Region, Ghana, 2014

Cited by 15 publications

References 21 publications

Protracted cholera outbreak in the Central Region, Ghana, 2016

Protracted cholera outbreak in the Central Region, Ghana, 2016

Examining health literacy on cholera in an endemic community in Accra, Ghana: a cross-sectional study

Economic evaluation of 2014 cholera outbreak in Ghana: a household cost analysis

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