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IntroductionGhana experienced its worst cholera outbreak in three decades in 2014. Evidence of cholera economic costs on affected households has been limited. This study aimed at determining economic costs on households affected by the  cholera outbreak in a Coastal Region of Ghana.MethodsTwo districts; High and Low Incidence Areas (HIA and LIA) were selected in comparative cost analysis and disease impact on affected households assessed based on scientifically documented economic indicators. A total of 418 (282 HIA and 136 LIA) households that experienced at least one case of cholera infection were interviewed. Direct and indirect costs were estimated. Correlates of household’s cholera infection were estimated using Tobit Regression model in STATA 13.ResultsAverage direct cost to households in HIA amounted to USD 106.88, almost 2 folds higher than LIA (USD 62.02). Potential cost saving of an episode of cholera is USD 99,201.28 in LIA and raises almost 8 folds in HIA (USD 782,611.60). Households in lowest income category had the highest incidence of cholera (0.073) compared to other categories plus other factors were significant in explaining cholera incidence.ConclusionsThe study showed considerable differences in HIA and LIA costs with higher household economic impact of cholera on the lowest income category. Results underscore the need for pragmatic policy interventions  to avert recurrent outbreaks and emphasis huge potential  cost saving with reducing  cholera cases.

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Oncology trials are the cornerstone of effective and safe therapeutic discoveries. However, there is increasing demand for pragmatism and patient engagement in the design, implementation and dissemination of oncology trials. Many researchers are uncertain about making trials more practical and even less knowledgeable about how to meaningfully engage patients without compromising scientific rigor to meet regulatory requirements. The present work provides practical guidance for addressing both pragmaticism and meaningful patient engagement. Applying evidence-based approaches like PRECIS-2-tool and the 10-Step Engagement Framework offer practical guidance to make future trials in oncology truly pragmatic and patient-centered. Consequently, such patient-centered trials have improved participation, faster recruitment and greater retention, and uptake of innovative technologies in community-based care.

A641 factor was medicine use affecting 6 (2.9%). Furthermore, only 46 (22%) patients used precautionary measures and confirmed its effectiveness in preventing the asthmatic attack when they were exposed to the risk factors. Out of 192 who were prescribed with the inhaler only 59.4% patient can use inhaler effectively and 88.5% keep it with them while traveling to prevent the worsening of asthmatic attack. ConClusions: Asthma is not a fatal disease but can prove fatal by negligence. Avoidance of risk factor is the primary care in asthma. The use of the precautionary measures was proved to be of great importance in preventing asthma. The use of inhalers was also prescribed but many patients were unable to use them correctly leading to their therapeutic failure. RespiRatoRy-Related disoRdeRs-Cost studies pRs12 Budget impaCt of a New, fiRst-iN-Class tRiple fixed dose ComBiNatioN theRapy foR Copd patieNts