Outbreak of Coxsackie type B2 virus in a children's home in Newcastle upon Tyne.

Virus infections and respiratory disease of childhood.

“…Echoviruses, Coxsackie viruses, and vaccine strains of polioviruses occurred in the cough swabs of 3 * 5% of children with upper respiratory disease in our investigations but only in 0 5 % of 'controls'. The figures from our series are far too small for any conclusions to be drawn, but other workers have incriminated these viruses with respiratory disease: Coxsackie virus type B2 by Heggie et al (1960); Coxsackie virus type B3 by Kendall, Cook, and Stone (1960); echovirus type 11 by Philipson (1958); echovirus type 20 by Cramblett et al (1957); and recently, Coxsackie virus type B2 in a residential nursery in Newcastle upon Tyne (Carmichael et al, 1968). Coxsackie viruses are commonly excreted among children without symptoms, which makes interpretation difficult.…”

“…One method is to compare children suffering from respiratory disease with those affected by nonrespiratory conditions or without any evidence of illness Holzel et al, 1965). Other methods include the study of the aetiology of outbreaks (Carmichael, McGuckin, and Gardner, 1968), the examination of the effect of introducing viruses of doubtful pathogenic significance into human volunteers (Jackson et al, 1963), and the investigation of closed communities of children into which, inadvertently, a virus may be introduced (Wolontis, Tunevall, and Sterner, 1967).…”

An outbreak of echovirus 11 in a children's home

“…Another outbreak caused by Coxsackie B3, involved 81 % of the children accommodated in a welfare home and was manifested with febrile illness and pharyngitis [11]. Coxsackie B2, Coxsackie B5 and echovirus 26 were also identified in outbreaks involving children 's homes [12][13][14]. However, our report is the first description of an outbreak in children 's home due to echovirus 11 serotype.…”

“…Enterovirus outbreaks in children 's homes due to serotypes other than echovirus 11 have been described [9][10][11][12][13][14]. Serotypes involved in these outbreaks included echovirus 25 that caused a skin rash in 15 of 22 infants, some of them also had mild enteric and respiratory symptoms [9].…”

The spread of Coxsackie B1 infection.

“…The interfamilial and institutional spread of Coxsackie B2 and B5 viruses has been well documented (Carmichael et al, 1968;Broughton and Gostling, 1969;Lapinleimu and Kaski, 1972;Eilard et al, 1974), but there have been few accounts of Coxsackie Bi (Yodfat and Nishmi, 1973). Communicable Disease Reports (Public Health Laboratory Service, 1964Service, -1977 show that since 1967 there have been two small outbreaks in England and Wales, the first began in 1970 and the second in 1976 (Figure).…”