Outbreak of Cyclosporiasis Associated with Basil in Missouri in 1999

Lopez, Adriana; Dodson, Douglas R.; Arrowood, Michael J.; Orlandi, Palmer A.; Silva, Alexandre J. da; Bier, J. W.; Hanauer, Sandra D.; Kuster, Rachelle L.; Oltman, Sandy; Baldwin, Martha S.; Won, Kimberly Y.; Nace, Eva M.; Eberhard, Mark L.; Herwaldt, Barbara L.

doi:10.1086/319597

Cited by 107 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In 1999, a chicken pasta salad containing basil (RR, 4.25; 95% CI, 1.80 to 10.01) and a tomato basil salad (RR, 2.95; 95% CI, 1.72 to 5.07) were associated with cyclosporiasis in two events in Missouri (112). In this outbreak, Cyclospora was identified in the chicken pasta salad and basil by PCR and microscopy.…”

Section: Food-borne Outbreaksmentioning

confidence: 85%

Update on Cyclospora cayetanensis , a Food-Borne and Waterborne Parasite

2010

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SUMMARY The coccidian parasite Cyclospora cayetanensis is recognized as an emerging pathogen that causes protracted diarrhea in humans. The first cases of Cyclospora infection were reported in the late 1970s and were observed among expatriates and travelers in regions where infections are endemic. Since then, Cyclospora has been considered a cause of traveler's diarrhea. Epidemiological investigations were reported and examined in areas of endemicity even before the true identity of Cyclospora was elucidated. Cyclospora was fully characterized in the early 1990s, but it was not until the 1995 Cyclospora outbreak in the United States and Canada that it caught the attention of the public and physicians. The biology, clinical presentation, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and control of cyclosporiasis are reviewed, with a focus on diagnostic assays currently being used for clinical and environmental samples. Challenges and limitations in working with Cyclospora are also discussed.

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Section: Food-borne Outbreaksmentioning

confidence: 85%

Update on Cyclospora cayetanensis , a Food-Borne and Waterborne Parasite

2010

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“…However outbreaks of cyclosporiasis have been reported from North America (137,138,181) and Europe (76). The sources of infection in all these cases were traced to vegetables imported from areas of endemicity.…”

Section: Cyclosporamentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Significance of Enteric Protozoa in the Immunosuppressed Human Population

et al. 2009

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SUMMARY Globally, the number of immunosuppressed people increases each year, with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pandemic continuing to spread unabated in many parts of the world. Immunosuppression may also occur in malnourished persons, patients undergoing chemotherapy for malignancy, and those receiving immunosuppressive therapy. Components of the immune system can be functionally or genetically abnormal as a result of acquired (e.g., caused by HIV infection, lymphoma, or high-dose steroids or other immunosuppressive medications) or congenital illnesses, with more than 120 congenital immunodeficiencies described to date that either affect humoral immunity or compromise T-cell function. All individuals affected by immunosuppression are at risk of infection by opportunistic parasites (such as the microsporidia) as well as those more commonly associated with gastrointestinal disease (such as Giardia). The outcome of infection by enteric protozoan parasites is dependent on absolute CD4+ cell counts, with lower counts being associated with more severe disease, more atypical disease, and a greater risk of disseminated disease. This review summarizes our current state of knowledge on the significance of enteric parasitic protozoa as a cause of disease in immunosuppressed persons and also provides guidance on recent advances in diagnosis and therapy for the control of these important parasites.

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“…7,[22][23][24] Trace-back investigations of an outbreak of Cyclospora infections in the United States were linked to consumption of basil grown in Mexico. 10 This study reports the frequency, distribution, clinical presentation, and seasonality of Cyclospora alone and or in the presence of other parasites in children seeking medical attention at the Pediatric Hospital of Morelia in Michoacán, Mexico.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyclospora cayetanensis in a Pediatric Hospital in Morelia, México

Orozco-Mosqueda¹,

Martínez-Loya²,

Ortega³

2014

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Cyclospora cayetanensis, a coccidian parasite, can cause gastrointestinal illness in humans and is characterized by watery and persistent diarrhea and abdominal pain. Cyclosporiasis has been associated with traveler's diarrhea. The infection is acquired through food and waterborne transmission, particularly by consumption of contaminated fresh fruits and vegetables. In the present study, stool samples from 8,877 children were examined for ova and parasites at the Pediatric Hospital of Morelia in Michoacán, Mexico, during 2000Mexico, during -2009. Sixty children (0.67%) had Cyclospora in their stools. Diarrhea (45.8%), abdominal pain (39.6%), and vomiting (18.8%) were the most frequent symptoms of cases with cyclosporiasis. Most of the cases (93.3%) were observed during June-August, the rainy season. In 45 children, Cyclospora was the only parasitic pathogen detected (75%); 15 children were co-infected with commensal, pathogenic, or both groups of parasites. Our findings suggest that C. cayetanensis is endemic to Michoacán and shows characteristically temporal patterns.

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Outbreak of Cyclosporiasis Associated with Basil in Missouri in 1999

Cited by 107 publications

References 14 publications

Update on Cyclospora cayetanensis , a Food-Borne and Waterborne Parasite

Update on Cyclospora cayetanensis , a Food-Borne and Waterborne Parasite

Clinical Significance of Enteric Protozoa in the Immunosuppressed Human Population

Cyclospora cayetanensis in a Pediatric Hospital in Morelia, México

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