Outbreak ofAeromonas hydrophilaWound Infections Associated with Mud Football

Abstract

On 16 February 2002, a total of 26 people presented to the emergency department of the local hospital in the rural town of Collie in southwest Western Australia with many infected scratches and pustules distributed over their bodies. All of the patients had participated in a "mud football" competition the previous day, in which there had been ~100 participants. One patient required removal of an infected thumbnail, and another required surgical debridement of an infected toe. Aeromonas hydrophila was isolated from all 3 patients from whom swab specimens were obtained. To prepare the mud football fields, a paddock was irrigated with water that was pumped from an adjacent river during the 1-month period before the competition. A. hydrophila was subsequently isolated from a water sample obtained from the river. This is the first published report of an outbreak of A. hydrophila wound infections associated with exposure to mud.

Dynamics of Aeromonas species isolated from wastewater treatment system

“…Ribeiro et al (2010) Aeromonas species are the most common organisms reported in infections of burns exposed to contaminated water. However, Lamy et al Polluted aquatic environments can be considered a source of contamination for recreational waters and water used in the irrigation process (Villari et al 2000;Davies et al 2001;Uyttendaele et al 2004;Vally et al 2004;Villarruel-Ló pez et al 2005;Daskalov 2006;Dwivedi et al 2008). Besides the determination of indicator bacteria, it is important to understand the distribution of potentially doi: 10.2166/wh.2010.140 pathogenic bacteria in a given ecosystem that could affect natural water used for human contact or consumption (Nagvenkar & Ramaiah 2009).…”

Treatment of naturally acquired demodectic mange with amitraz in two harbour seals (Phoca vitulina)

“…watering facility, pond water and animals) at the studied zoo in our previous study (Kim et al, 2015a). These species of bacteria commonly infect the skin through exposure to contaminated water or soil, but, typically, are not directly associated with the formation of skin lesions (Kelly et al, 1993;Vally et al, 2004). Thus, the authors believe that demodicosis occurred primarily and the secondary bacterial infection developed through lesions associated with demodicid mites.…”

Outbreak of diarrhoeal illness in participants in an obstacle adventure race, Alpes-Maritimes, France, June 2015

“…In areas commonly frequented by animals, topsoil used to make slurry fields can be contaminated with faeces from ruminants or wild animals [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. Multiple exposures to mud can occur in this kind of sport events [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Mud is an efficient vehicle for pathogenic microorganisms [7].…”

“…Mud is an efficient vehicle for pathogenic microorganisms [7]. Ingestion of mud by racers who unintentionally swallow sufficient numbers of pathogens can cause illness, as described in the literature [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Over the last few years, outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis (AG) have been reported among participants in an obstacle race (with artificial obstacles) and in other endurance races that take place in nature (mountain bike races, triathlons) [1][2][3][4][5][6].…”

“…Other races, such as triathlons, have been linked to cases of leptospirosis, for example on the Reunion Island in 2013 [8]. Skin wounds caused by Aeromonas hydrophila, after a 'mud football' have been described in Australia in 2002 [9].…”