Outbreaks of infectious diseases in healthcare facilities: Issues of epidemiological diagnostics and preanalytical stage

Smirnova, S.S.; Сергеевна, Смирнова Светлана; Yuzhanina, Tatyana S.; Сергеевна, Южанина Татьяна; Vyatkina, L. G.; Геннадьевна, Вяткина Людмила; Голубкова, А. А.; Александровна, Голубкова Алла; Алимов, А. В.; Викторович, Алимов Александр

doi:10.17816/eid34790

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“…** . Более детально основ ные закономерности и современные особенности вспышек ИСМП изложены в немногочисленных работах отечественных исследователей [13,14]. К таковым особенностям авторы относят рост этио логической значимости вирусов среди возбудите лей внутрибольничных инфекций; преобладание вспышек с аэрозольным механизмом передачи; увеличение среди пострадавших, при так называ емых классических инфекциях, детей: более частая регистрация вспышек в педиатрических отделени ях и больницах.…”

Section: результаты и обсуждениеunclassified

“…К таковым особенностям авторы относят рост этио логической значимости вирусов среди возбудите лей внутрибольничных инфекций; преобладание вспышек с аэрозольным механизмом передачи; увеличение среди пострадавших, при так называ емых классических инфекциях, детей: более частая регистрация вспышек в педиатрических отделени ях и больницах. Авторы отмечали доминирование среди пострадавших манифестных клинических форм, а при вспышках острых кишечных инфек ций -не всегда оправданную ориентированность противоэпидемических мероприятий на возбуди телей бактериальных инфекций, а также низкий охват лабораторными исследованиями, проводи мыми с целью эпидемиологической и клинической диагностики при инфекциях с аэрозольным меха низмом передачи [14].…”

Section: результаты и обсуждениеunclassified

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Outbreaks of COVID-19 in Medical organizations

Sisin¹,

Голубкова

Козлова³

et al. 2021

Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention

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Relevance. Prevention of the outbreak of a new coronavirus infection in medical organizations (MO) is one of the tasks facing the Rospotrebnadzor service and practical health care. Analysis of the causes and conditions of the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the MO allows us to determine the most effective measures to contain the infection and prevent the occurrence of subsequent diseases in the focus.The aim is to characterize the epidemiological features of a new coronavirus infection during its nosocomial spread in medical organizations based on the analysis of outbreak incidence.Materials and methods. The data of the reporting forms «General information on patients with positive COVID-19», «General information on patients with community-acquired pneumonia with positive COVID-19» (138 pieces of information), copies of «Acts of epidemiological investigation of foci of infectious (parasitic) diseases with the establishment of a causal relationship» (57 pieces of information), copies of extraordinary reports on an emergency of a sanitary and epidemiological nature (57 pieces of information) were analyzed. The work uses epidemiological and statistical methods of research.Results. When analyzing 57 COVID-19 outbreaks in 30 medical organizations, it was found that the outbreak incidence was more often registered in multidisciplinary hospitals – 70.2% compared to 12.3% in specialized organizations of noninfectious profile, 10.5% of outbreaks were in polyclinics, 1.8% at emergency medical stations. The total number of people affected by the spread of the infection was 961, with a small proportion of children (15 people or 1.7%). Among those who fell ill with the spread of infection in the foci, the share of employees of medical organizations was 62.6%, including doctors – 16.6%, middle and junior medical workers-50.6% and 11.3%, respectively, and other categories – 21.5%. In nosocomial outbreaks of COVID-19, the focality index corresponded to 16.9, and the average duration of the focus was 32.4 days. The construction of the so-called «combined» outbreak diagram in the course of the epidanalysis allowed us to establish its total duration, which was 71 days, with the peaks of morbidity within the outbreak at intervals of 3–7 days, the greatest number of cases in the 1st and 8th days, and the gradual «extinction» of its activity in dynamics.Conclusions. The outbreak of COVID-19 in medical organizations usually occurred when there was an epidemic problem with COVID-19 in the territory. The peculiarity of nosocomial outbreaks was a significant proportion of adults (98.3%), mainly employees of medical organizations, who were often active sources of infection, as well as the involvement of structural units and hospitals for adults in the epidemic process, a high frequency of etiological interpretation of outbreaks (95.9%), a significant proportion of asymptomatic forms of infection and carrier, and the complexity of differential diagnosis of cases of out – of-hospital and nosocomial infection. The patterns of occurrence and spread of morbidity in medical organizations can be used in practical anti-epidemic work.

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Section: результаты и обсуждениеunclassified

Outbreaks of COVID-19 in Medical organizations

Sisin¹,

Голубкова

Козлова³

et al. 2021

Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention

Self Cite

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Comparative Analysis of Methods of Environmental Surface Sampling for Assessment of Viral and Bacterial Contamination

Smirnova¹,

Zhuikov²,

Egorov³

et al. 2023

PH&LE

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Introduction: One of the key elements of the infectious disease surveillance system is microbiological monitoring of contamination of environmental objects and health care personnel hands. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, virology testing of swabs from hospital objects and personal protective equipment of workers of infectious disease hospitals for patients with COVID-19 has acquired special importance. According to the current regulatory documents, however, greater priority in microbiological monitoring is given to determination and identification of bacterial pathogens, thus necessitating the development and implementation of an advanced technique of a simultaneous assessment of viral and bacterial contamination. Objective: To compare different environmental surface sampling techniques used to assess viral and bacterial contamination. Materials and methods: Samples for environmental swab testing were collected in accordance with the “Scheme for sampling environmental swabs for simultaneous assessment of viral and bacterial contamination” patented by the authors (Industrial Design Patent No. 132971 of September 5, 2022). We applied bacteriological, molecular genetic, and statistical methods in the study. Results: Overall, 343 wipe samples were tested, of which 68 were atypical (two 38-swab portions, 11.1 % each, contained SARS-CoV-2 RNA and opportunistic microorganisms). Among the opportunistic microorganisms, 42 bacterial strains were identified, including 16 strains of Enterococcus faecalis (38.1 %), 9 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae (21.4 %), 7 strains of Escherichia coli (16.7 %), 3 strains of Enterococcus faecium (7.1 %), 3 strains of Staphylococcus aureus (7.1 %), 2 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4.9 %), and 2 strains of Pantoea agglomerans (4.9 %). Eleven variants of viral and bacterial associations were identified. The comparison of environmental swabbing performed by the technique under study with that performed by the standard method, based on test results, indicated a significant 11.1 and 12.3-fold difference in the proportion of non-standard findings for SARS-CoV-2 and opportunistic microorganisms, respectively. Conclusions: The study results prove that our technique of environmental swabbing meets all modern requirements and facilitates an objective assessment of the level of viral and bacterial contamination of the study objects. This approach can be used for laboratory testing within state and industrial control at institutions of various specialties (healthcare, food industry, childcare facilities, etc.).

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Outbreaks of infectious diseases in healthcare facilities: Issues of epidemiological diagnostics and preanalytical stage

Cited by 2 publications

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Outbreaks of COVID-19 in Medical organizations

Outbreaks of COVID-19 in Medical organizations

Comparative Analysis of Methods of Environmental Surface Sampling for Assessment of Viral and Bacterial Contamination

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