Relevance. Rotavirus infection (RVI) is a widespread disease with a high intensity of the epidemic process and variability of its manifestations from sporadic cases of diseases to large outbreaks. At the present stage, RVI remains one of the urgent problems for practical health care, and vaccination is still the only and most effective method of monitoring RVI. To date, the practice has accumulated a great experience of vaccination against RVI, confirmed its high clinical and immunological efficacy. However, in the Sverdlovsk region, no studies have been conducted to assess the epidemiological effectiveness of vaccination against RVI. Goal. To assess the effectiveness and safety of vaccine prophylaxis for rotavirus infection and its impact on the epidemic process of acute intestinal infections in the framework of the regional program of vaccine prevention of RVI in the Sverdlovsk region. Materials and methods. The study was conducted in 2015. Vaccination first year of life children of the against RVI was carried out with live oral pentavalent vaccine (PEPV) in 4 municipalities of the Sverdlovsk region, in which the incidence of RVI exceeded the average regional indices. A special questionnaire was developed to assess the data on vaccination against RVI, which included information on the gender characteristics of the vaccinated, their age, the presence of episodes of acute intestinal infections before, during and after vaccination, combinations of the vaccine against RVI with the introduction of other immunobiological drugs, reactions to Inoculations. A total of 785 questionnaires from medical organizations of 4 cities of the Sverdlovsk region were analyzed. Results. In the «risk territories» 27.3 to 47.0% children from the first year of life were 3 times vaccinated. After the immunization in all territories was a decrease incidences of rotavirus infection, as well as a decrease in the cumulative percentage of infection with RVI in the age group of children under the 1 age. Children vaccinated against RVI had no cases of rotavirus infection, as well as hospitalizations for acute intestinal infections of other etiology, during the entire follow-up period. Conclusions. The data obtained indicate that vaccination against RVI is an effective tool for controlling morbidity. The optimal age for the initiation of immunization against RVI is 2 months of the child's life (8 weeks), which allows to take into account the minimum and maximum terms of vaccine introduction, actively combine vaccinations against RVI with the introduction of other immunobiological drugs of the National schedule of preventive vaccinations and timely complete the vaccination against RVI to 32 weeks of a child's life.

Support and supervision can be used as a strategy, for empowering nurses to meet the challenges of working with HIV/AIDS patients.

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The aim of the study is to study the epidemiological risks and features of the incidence of COVID-19 in medical organizations in order to develop proposals for optimizing preventive and anti-epidemic measures. Methods: we examined reporting forms "an overview of cases with positive COVID-19" (138 items), "an overview of cases of community-acquired pneumonia with positive COVID-19" (138 units), the card of epidemiological investigation of the disease COVID-19 health workers (386 units of information), copies of "Acts of epidemiological investigation of infectious (parasitic) diseases, establishing causal relationships" (47 units of information), copies of extraordinary reports about the emergency situation of sanitary-and-epidemiologic nature (47 items). We used epidemiological and statistical methods of information processing. Conclusion: the incidence of coronavirus infection in health care workers correlated with the incidence of adult population, had a higher indicator than among them, without differing in severity and outcomes of COVID-19. The prevalence of morbidity in medical organizations was the predominance among the affected employees of medical organizations. Conditions that contribute to infection were various violations of preventive and anti-epidemic measures, including the use of personal protective equipment.

Relevance. Measles infection still does not lose its relevance, as experts everywhere register outbreaks of the disease. The aim of the study is characterization of the measles epidemic process in the context of different strategies for its vaccination in a large industrial city to make adequate management decisions.Materials and methods. The authors used the data of statistical reports on measles incidence in Yekaterinburg in 1950–2017 as the study materials. The authors analyzed data for six periods: pre-vaccination (1950–1961), selective immunization (1962–1965), routine vaccination of children under 8 years (1966–1972), vaccination of children under 14 years (1973–1986), the introduction of mass revaccination of children (1987–2001) and the period of universal vaccination at the stage of elimination of infection (2002–2017).Results. In the pre-vaccination period, the average annual incidence rate was 1381.7 ± 162.9 per 100 ths population, the seasonal increase in the incidence was in december–may, in the structure of age groups dominated by children. During the period of selective immunization, at the stage of testing of the domestic vaccine, there was a slight decrease in the incidence to 1082.8 ± 189.1 per 100 ths population, intra-annual dynamics and age distribution of patients remained virtually unchanged. During routine vaccination of children up to 8 years of age, there was a significant reduction in the incidence to the level of 219.8 ± 110.8 per 100 ths population , which was observed in almost all age groups, with the exception of children 10–14 years and adults. Seasonal manifestations of the epidemic process were similar to previous periods. With an increase in the cohort for vaccination at the expense of children up to 14 years, there was a further decrease in the incidence to 89.9 ± 39.1 per 100 ths population, but in some years measles outbreaks were registered, with an active spread of infection among schoolchildren in educational institutions. The decision to introduce a second vaccination for 6-year olds before school made it possible to achieve a sporadic level of morbidity and to change the main parameters characterizing the epidemic process in all previous periods. The epidemic process has become intermittent. Periodic rises disappeared. When the infection was not spread, the population immunity and vaccination rates were consistent with the recommendations of who experts. However, against this background, 2016 was registered a major outbreak of measles.Conclusion. The use of different tactics of vaccination led to significant changes in the parameters of the epidemic process of measles. However, at the present stage immunization schemes do not control the situation. In this regard, it is necessary to raise the issue of introduction of revaccination against adult measles every 10 years, as well as changes in the antigenic composition of the live measles vaccine, taking into account data on circulating strains of the virus of genetic lines D and H.