Outcome in children from cryopreserved embryos.

Abstract

A cohort of 91 children from cryopreserved embryos and 83 control children who were conceived normally had their development assessed using the Griffiths's scales of mental development. The controls (81 singletons and two twins) of a similar age, sex, and social class were selected from siblings, cousins, and peers of the cryopreserved embryo group (68 singleton, 20 twins, and three triplets). Children from cryopreserved embryos had a lower mean birth weight and mean gestational age and a higher proportion were born by caesarean section. One child from the cryopreserved embryo group had Down's syndrome, three had squints, and four had conductive hearing loss while in the control children, six had squints, and nine had conductive hearing loss. In both groups, including the child with Down's syndrome, the mean Griffiths's quotient was greater than the standard 100. In the children from cryopreserved embryos, the singleton and multiple birth subgroups had statistically similar assessment results. The mean (SD) Griffiths's quotient was 105-69 (13-55) in children from cryopreserved embryos and 108-18 (9.80) in controls at a chronological age of 25 08 (12.86) and 29-19 (14-65) months respectively. Overall, the development in children from cryopreserved embryos did not cause concern though formal testing had highlighted small differences compared with other children conceived normally and of a similar social class.(Arch Dis Child 1995; 72: 290-293)

Comparison of early pregnancy and neonatal outcomes after frozen and fresh embryo transfer in ART cycles

“…Some studies showed the same findings [6,10,18]. Although Wada et al reported major malformation in cryopreserved group was significantly lower than in standard IVF group [2], a recent study showed, a significantly higher major malformation rate in FET group compared with fresh ET group.…”

“…Many studies have shown that major malformation rates in children born after FET are comparable with those in children born after fresh ET and those in children after spontaneous conception [10][11][12].…”

Medical, cognitive, emotional, and behavioral outcomes in school-age children conceived by In-Vitro Fertilization

“…Measurements ~f head circumference and length, both at birth and at two years of age, were lower than normal. These data are consensual, reflecting both the results of studies that used control groups and surveys of IVFJET national registries (e.g., Andrews et al, 1993;Australian In-Vitro Fertilisation Collaborative Group, 1985;Beral & Doyle, 1990;Brandes et al, 1992;Fridler, Mashiach, & Laufer, 1992;Lancaster, 1985;Leiblum, Kemmann, Colburn, Pasquale, & Delisi, 1987;Medical Research International Society, 1992;National Perinatal Statistics Unit, 1987;Nygren, Bergh, Nylund, & Wramsby, 1991;Raoul-Duval, Bertrand-Servais, Letur-Konirsch, & Frydman, 1994;Rizk et al, 1991;Rufat, Olivennes, De Mouzon, Dehan, & Frydman, 1994;Steptoe, Edwards, & Walters, 1986;Sutcliffe et al, 1995;Tan, Doyle, & Campbell, 1992;Wennerholm, Janshon, Wennergren, & Kjellmer, 199 1;Yeh et al, 1990).…”

Infant outcome of 957 singletons born after frozen embryo replacement: The Danish National Cohort Study 1995–2006

“…Few studies investigating short-and long-term outcomes in children born after cryopreservation of embryos (Cryo children) have included an appropriate control group (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14). The early studies were small retrospective hospital-based cohort studies providing reassuring data in terms of birth weight (BW) and gestational age in Cryo children.…”