Outcome of pregnancies resulting from a trial of supplementing human IVF culture media with platelet activating factor

O’Neill, Christopher; Ryan, J. P.; Collier, M; Dm, Saunders; Ammit, Alaina J.; Pike, I. H.

doi:10.1071/rd9920109

Cited by 32 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…PAF has also previously been shown to stimulate embryo metabolism [14,18] and development in vitro [3,4,19,20] and to enhance viability after transfer [21][22][23]. The actions of PAF on the embryo were shown to be receptor-mediated, since defined competitive receptor-antagonists [14,21] and an anti-PAF antibody [24] could block the actions of PAF on the embryo in vitro.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Autocrine Mediators are Required to act on the Embryo by the 2-Cell Stage to Promote Normal Development and Survival of Mouse Preimplantation Embryos in Vitro1

O’Neill

1998

Biology of Reproduction

101

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Autocrine mediators released by the early embryo are implicated in the support of embryo development. Their mechanisms and timing of action, however, are uncertain. This study shows that their action is necessary during the 2-cell stage of development, at which time they do not act as classical growth factors, having no impact on the rate of cell-cycle progression. Rather, they act as survival factors, protecting embryos from subsequent cell death. Culture of zygotes for the first 48 h after insemination (but not the first 24 h only) at a high concentration of 1 embryo/microl before transfer to a concentration of 1 embryo/100 microl significantly improved development compared with culture at the lower concentration for 120 h. By contrast, if the initial 48 h of culture was at 1 embryo/100 microl, subsequent culture at 1 embryo/microl caused no improvement. Platelet-activating factor (PAF) supplementation (0.186 microM) of media for the 48-h period after insemination (but not 24 h only) improved the development of embryos cultured at low embryo concentrations (1 embryo/10 microl) even when transferred to PAF-free media for the subsequent 72-h culture period. The ability of PAF to mimic the effects of higher embryo density implicates embryo-derived PAF as one of the autocrine mediators stimulating early embryo development. The cell death that occurred at low embryo concentration had a mixed phenotype: some cells had lost membrane integrity whereas others had intact membranes but punctate or fragmented chromatin. It is concluded that the action of autocrine diffusible factors, including PAF, are necessary during the 2-cell stage for subsequent survival and normal development of embryos to the blastocyst stage.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Autocrine Mediators are Required to act on the Embryo by the 2-Cell Stage to Promote Normal Development and Survival of Mouse Preimplantation Embryos in Vitro1

O’Neill

1998

Biology of Reproduction

101

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“…The establishment of receptivity of the uterine luminal epithelium (LE) to the developing conceptus and the key role in regulating differentiated functions of the uterine glandular epithelium (GE) is very much regulated via indirect effects of progesterone on the endometrium [6,39,40] [41,42]. In male reproduction PAF increases the sperm motility and improves the acrosome reaction [43], while in female reproduction the protein is secreted by pre-implantation embryos of a number of species and its secretion appears to be positively correlated with the viability of human embryos produced by IVF [44] PAF antibody inhibits mouse pre-implantation embryo development [45] and platelet activating factor produced by the rabbit embryo has been shown to increase during the preimplantation phase [46].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global proteomic characterization of uterine histotroph recovered from beef heifers yielding good quality and degenerate day 7 embryos

Beltman

Mullen

Elia

et al. 2014

Domestic Animal Endocrinology

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16The objective was to analyse the proteomic composition of uterine flushes collected from 17 beef heifers on Day 7 post-insemination. Oestrus was synchronised in cross-bred beef heifers 18 using a Controlled Intravaginal Drug Releasing device (CIDR) protocol. Heifers detected in 19 standing oestrus (within 24-48 h post CIDR removal) were inseminated (oestrus=Day 0) with 20 frozen-thawed semen from a single ejaculate of a bull with proven fertility. Heifers from 21 which an embryo was recovered (following slaughter on Day 7) were classified as either 22 having a viable embryo (morula/blastocyst stage) or a degenerate embryo (arrested at the 2-23 to 16-cell stage). The overall recovery rate (viable and degenerate combined) was 64%. 24Global LC-MS/MS proteomic analysis of the histotroph collected identified 40 high 25 confidence proteins present on Day 7; 26 proteins in the viable group, 10 in the degenerate 26 group and four shared between both groups. Five proteins (Platelet-activating factor 27 acetylhydrolase IB subunit gamma (PAFAH1B3), Tubulin alpha-1D chain, Tubulin beta-4A 28 chain, Cytochrome C and Dihydropyrimidinase-related protein-2) were unique or more 29 abundant in the histotroph collected from animals with a viable embryo and one protein 30 (S100A4) was more abundant in the histotroph collected from animals with a degenerate 31 embryo. Of interest, PAFAH1B3, detected only in histotroph from the group yielding viable 32 embryos, belongs to the group of platelet activating factors that are known to be important for 33 the development of the pre-implantation embryo in other species. To our knowledge this is 34 the first report of PAFAH1B3 in relation to bovine early embryonic development. 35 36

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“…PAF is produced de novo from simple substrates by the zygote [9,10], and its release requires extracellular albumin [11,12]. On release, it acts back on the preimplantation embryo in an apparently receptor-dependent manner to enhance embryo metabolism and the rate of cell-cycle progression [13][14][15], and it results in enhanced embryo survival and development [2,5,[16][17][18]. Embryo-derived PAF must act by the embryonic 2-cell stage for normal embryo survival to ensue [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ligand-Activated Signal Transduction in the 2-Cell Embryo1

Bathgate

et al. 2003

Biology of Reproduction

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Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is an autocrine trophic/survival factor for the preimplantation embryo. PAF induced an increase in intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in the 2-cell embryo that had an absolute requirement for external calcium. L-type calcium channel blockers (diltiazem, verapamil, and nimodipine) significantly inhibited PAF-induced Ca2+ transients, but inhibitors of P/Q type (omega-agatoxin; omega-conotoxin MVIIC), N-type (omega-conotoxin GVIA), T-type (pimozide), and store-operated channels (SKF 96365 and econazole) did not block the transient. mRNA and protein for the alpha1-C subunit of L-type channels was expressed in the 2-cell embryo. The L-type calcium channel agonist (+/-) BAY K 8644 induced [Ca2+]i transients and, PAF and BAY K 8644 each caused mutual heterologous desensitization of each other's responses. Depolarization of the embryo (75 mM KCl) induced a [Ca2+]i transient that was inhibited by diltiazem and verapamil. Whole-cell patch-clamp measurements detected a voltage-gated channel (blocked by diltiazem, verapamil, and nifedipine) that was desensitized by prior responses of embryos to exogenous or embryo-derived PAF. Replacement of media Ca2+ with Mn2+ allowed Mn2+ influx to be observed directly; activation of a diltiazem-sensitive influx channel was an early response to PAF. The activation of a voltage-gated L-type calcium channel in the 2-cell embryo is required for normal signal transduction to an embryonic trophic factor.

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Outcome of pregnancies resulting from a trial of supplementing human IVF culture media with platelet activating factor

Cited by 32 publications

References 0 publications

Autocrine Mediators are Required to act on the Embryo by the 2-Cell Stage to Promote Normal Development and Survival of Mouse Preimplantation Embryos in Vitro1

Autocrine Mediators are Required to act on the Embryo by the 2-Cell Stage to Promote Normal Development and Survival of Mouse Preimplantation Embryos in Vitro1

Global proteomic characterization of uterine histotroph recovered from beef heifers yielding good quality and degenerate day 7 embryos

Ligand-Activated Signal Transduction in the 2-Cell Embryo1

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