Outcomes after spinal cord injury: comparisons as a function of gender and race and ethnicity

Krause, James S.; Broderick, Lynne

doi:10.1016/s0003-9993(03)00615-4

Cited by 84 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Few studies have examined whether racial, cultural, or global differences are present in the mental health of individuals with SCI [26]. However, research has found that white Americans with SCI report higher subjective well-being with regard to employment opportunities than African Americans, American Indians, and Latino Americans [27]. Latino Americans with SCI in the United States have been found to have higher rates of depression than white Americans and African Americans [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of mental health between individuals with spinal cord injury and able-bodied controls in Neiva, Colombia

et al. 2014

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Abstract-Although research has investigated the mental health of individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI), an overwhelming majority of this research has been conducted in the United States, Western Europe, and other developed countries. The purpose of this study was to compare the mental health of individuals with SCI with able-bodied controls in Neiva, Colombia, South America. Subjects included 40 Colombians with SCI and 42 age-and sex-matched controls (N = 82). The groups did not differ based on age, sex, years of education, or socioeconomic status. However, controls were twice as likely to be married. Four measures assessed mental health, including satisfaction with life (Satisfaction with Life Scale), depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), self-esteem (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale), and anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory). In comparison with ablebodied controls, individuals with SCI reported significantly lower mental health on both depressive symptoms and satisfaction with life. These effect sizes were medium and large, respectively. The groups did not differ significantly on measures of self-esteem or anxiety. Mental health of individuals with SCI should be considered a central part of SCI rehabilitation interventions, particularly in Latin America.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of mental health between individuals with spinal cord injury and able-bodied controls in Neiva, Colombia

et al. 2014

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“…[1][2][3] The estimated annual incidence of SCI in the United States is reported to be *40 cases per 1,000,000, or 12,000 new cases every year. 1,2,4,5 According to the National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center (NSCISC), the average age at the time of injury is 40.7 years with 80.7% of injuries occurring among males. 6,7 There are a number of possible etiologies of SCI, with the most common being motor vehicle collisions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10 Some of bypass surgery, hemodialysis and kidney transplant, proper diagnostic tests for cancer, appropriate cardiac medications, and analgesic medications after bone fractures. 1,2,15 Additionally, they are more likely to receive a lower quality of clinical service. 1,2,15 Although these aforementioned studies have limiting factors, it is apparent that racial disparities remain important in United States health care.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,2,15 Additionally, they are more likely to receive a lower quality of clinical service. 1,2,15 Although these aforementioned studies have limiting factors, it is apparent that racial disparities remain important in United States health care. This problem becomes critical in the outcomes of SCI patients when considering that minorities continue to experience high rates of disability and limited access to health care providers and rehabilitation programs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Racial Disparities in Outcomes after Spinal Cord Injury

Lad

Umeano

Karikari

et al. 2013

Journal of Neurotrauma

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Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) is an acute trauma to the neural elements resulting in temporary or permanent sensory and motor deficit. Studies have indicated that although 66% of SCI occur in Caucasians, there are a growing number of other racial groups affected by SCI. Furthermore, there has been a lack of research concerning racial disparities in outcomes following SCI. As such, a retrospective analysis using the National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB) from 2000 to 2009 was performed. African Americans, Caucasians, Hispanics, Asians, and Native Americans were included in the study. We calculated adjusted odds ratios (OR) to examine the relationship between racial backgrounds and mortality, length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay, length of hospital stay, in-hospital complications, and patient disposition. Our results showed that significant differences were found in length of hospital stay, with African American and Hispanic populations having longer hospital stays than Caucasian and Asians. For all type complications, African Americans (OR 1.228, confidence interval [CI] 1.11-1.356) and Native Americans (OR 1.618, CI 1.083-2.419) were more likely than Caucasian and Hispanic patients to have in-hospital complications. For disposition status, African Americans (OR 0.844, CI 0.730-0.976) and Asians (OR 0.475, CI 0.297-0.760) were much less likely than Caucasians or Hispanic populations to be discharged to an acute rehabilitation program. The results from this large-scale study (n=18,671) demonstrate a number of racial disparities following SCI at the national level, including rate of complications, length of stay, and disposition to acute rehabilitation centers. This should raise awareness to cultural differences but also serve as an opportunity to reduce gaps in care across ethnicities for this universally life-altering condition.

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“…Putzke et al 11 found that being male and non-white were associated with lower life satisfaction 2 years after SCI. Krause and Broderick33 found subjective wellbeing to be more closely (negatively) linked to ethnicity than sex in terms of employment and income but not in matters of health. Women have been found to be more comfortable with interpersonal relationships after SCI 33…”

Section: Theoretical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%