Outdoor-to-Indoor Propagation Loss Prediction in 800-MHz to 8-GHz Band for an Urban Area

An Empirical Outdoor-to-Indoor Path Loss Model From Below 6 GHz to cm-Wave Frequency Bands

“…Table I collects the maximum and minimum values of the indoor linear attenuation factors per frequency. All the coefficients are very similar for all frequencies and they are aligned with the 0.49-0.6 dB/m reported in the literature for frequencies up to 8 GHz [5][6][7][8]. There is no strong frequency dependence.…”

“…Similar to the penetration loss case, there is a lack of studies providing insight into the multi-frequency behavior of the indoor part of the outdoor-to-indoor radio channel. Indoor propagation loss, typically modeled as a linear attenuation factor, was reported to be 0.6 dB/m and constant with frequency in the range from 0.8 to 8 GHz in [5]. A similar finding but with slightly lower factor of 0.49 dB/m was recently reported in [6] for the extended range from 0.8 to 37 GHz.…”

“…The authors in [4] found a 10 dB increase in attenuation from 0.4 to 5 GHz. Differently, in [5], a constant penetration loss of 10 dB was found in the range from 0.8 to 8 GHz. Constant attenuation of 6.8 dB in the range from 0.8 to 37 GHz was recently reported in [6].…”

Height pattern estimation for macro cells with 800MHz band in NLOS environment

“…The estimation method of the indoor coverage and propagation loss in macro cell areas has been studied in [1]- [5]. In particular, Berg proposed estimation formulas for LOS and NLOS buildings as the building penetration in EURO-COST 231 [3].…”

“…In particular, Berg proposed estimation formulas for LOS and NLOS buildings as the building penetration in EURO-COST 231 [3]. Some studies deal with the propagation loss at each floor of buildings as the floor height gain on the COST-231 model [4] [5]. In addition, COST-231 mentions that the penetration loss is related to the outside loss at a height of about 2m above the ground.…”