Outer membrane vesicle

Abstract

Nowadays adjuvants are extensively used as immuno-stimulatory and immuno-modulatory compounds as components of subunit and combination vaccine formulations. The adjuvants of microbial origin are more frequently used among currently used licensed or experimental adjuvants. The outer membrane vesicle (OMV) of Neisseria meningitidis is among the newly studied components of microbial origin, which could be applied as an adjuvant. Although the potency of OMV as a carrier (conjugated to a hapten) is now proven, the adjuvant properties of OMV have particular significance as a potential target for protective immunity. Since it has immune-stimulatory activity, OMV has been utilized in vaccine development. This commentary reviews the different applications of OMV as potential adjuvant in the field of vaccine development.

Microbiota-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as New Systemic Regulators

“…The characterization of EVs biological roles has become a fascinating research field due to their potential properties in vaccination, therapeutic applications as vehicle in drug delivery and target therapy, positional assembly of enzyme expression and their ability in carrying small molecule activators and inhibitors of quorum sensing (Moshiri et al, 2012 ; Badmasti et al, 2015 ).…”

“…Microbiota-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) carry a large diversity of compounds that can affect diverse pathways in the host. We propose to use various EVs not only as adjuvants for vaccination (Moshiri et al, 2012 ) but also as potential modifiers of host interactions in the gut that in turn affect several organ functions such as alteration of signaling molecules at the intestinal barriers (Cañas et al, 2016 ).…”

Functional Advantages Conferred by Extracellular Prokaryotic Membrane Vesicles

“…Vesicles trigger proinflammatory immune responses which are likely to impact pathogenesis (Ellis and Kuehn, 2010; Shah et al, 2012). Due to the fact that OMVs carry virulence factors as well as common cell surface antigens and natural adjuvant (endotoxin), they are also effective as protective vaccines (Collins, 2011; Ellis and Kuehn, 2010; Moshiri et al, 2012). Engineering of OMV content to include protective antigens and reduce endotoxicity has made them potentially useful and versatile vaccine vectors (Chen et al, 2010; Kesty and Kuehn, 2004; Muralinath et al, 2010; Roier et al, 2012).…”

Immunization with Protein D from Non-Typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) Induced Cytokine Responses and Bioactive Antibody Production

“…Freund’s adjuvant is a solution of antigen emulsified in mineral oil and used as an immunopotentiator (booster), and OMV is an adjuvant of microbial origin, which is produced by Gram-negative organisms during growth (14, 15). To characterize the immune response, we measured the bioactivity of anti-PD antibody in sera and the production of cytokines in the splenocytes of the immunized mice.…”