Outpatient Diabetic Care in a Public Central Hospital: Patient Characteristics, Therapeutic Regimens and Results

Abstract

Background: Report of patient characteristics, treatment and results of diabetic patients assisted at a public tertiary hospital.

Primary and Secondary Hypogonadism in Male Persons with Diabetes Mellitus

“…Microvascular disease was also common, mainly the forms that can be easily diagnosed, i.e., retinopathy in both T1DM and T2DM and nephropathy in T2DM because of concurrent high blood pressure, but macrovascular disease was less common, given the poor sensitivity of clinical evaluation, mainly in T2DM. We assume this to be representative of diabetic patients assisted at public central hospitals elsewhere at least in Western Europe [ 24 , 25 ].…”

“…A specific SPSS database (27th version IBM SPSS, Inc., New York) containing clinical and analytical data regarding all male persons with diabetes mellitus assisted by one of us at the endocrine outpatient department of a public central and university hospital was defined and used [ 24 , 25 ]. As previously described, the database includes (1) gender and age; (2) height without shoes and weight without shoes or coats, first and last measurements; the body mass index (BMI) was computed as weight (kg)/height (m) 2 ; (3) time since diagnosis; (4) diabetes type defined according to standardized criteria [ 26 ]; (5) quality of metabolic control evaluated by the last HbA1c; (6) presence or absence of microvascular disease: retinopathy–last annual ophthalmologic examination; 1—no retinopathy; 2—background retinopathy; 3—laser treated retinopathy; nephropathy—last analytical evaluation; 1—negative microalbuminuria; 2—positive microalbuminuria; 3—positive microalbuminuria and increased serum creatinine; peripheral neuropathy (PN)—last clinical evaluation; 1—no clinical peripheral neuropathy; 2—clinical neuropathy present; autonomic neuropathy (AN)—last clinical evaluation; 1—no clinical autonomic neuropathy; 2—clinical autonomic neuropathy present; a composite index MICRO was computed by adding up previous individual scores; also individual microvascular disease could be dichotomized when indicated as 1—not present and 2—present; (7) presence or absence of macrovascular disease; ischemic heart disease (IHD)—last clinical evaluation; 1—not clinically present; 2—clinically present ischemic heart disease; 3—previous myocardial infarction or revascularization procedure; cerebrovascular disease (CVD)—last clinical evaluation; 1—not clinically present; 2—clinically present; 3—previous stroke or vascular dementia; peripheral vascular disease (PVD)—last clinical evaluation; 1—not clinically present; 2—clinically present; 3—previous lower limb amputation, lower limb ulcer or revascularization procedure; a composite index MACRO was computed by adding up previous scores; again when indicated individual macrovascular could be dichotomized as 1—not present; 2—present; (8) high blood pressure (HBP)—last clinical evaluation or antihypertensive medications in use; 1—not present; 2—present; (9) dyslipidemia—last analytical evaluation or hypolipidemic drug use; 1—not present; 2—present; (10) diabetic medication (pharmacologic class); (11) antihypertensive medication (pharmacologic class); (12) hypolipidemic medication (pharmacologic class); (13) antiplatelet medication (pharmacological class).…”