“…Up to present, extensive researches have been conducted aiming at the control of nonlinear systems such as active suspension systems, multilateral teleoperation systems, systems with friction, and systems with nonsymmetric dead-zone. [12][13][14][15][16] For pneumatic artificial muscle actuated systems, to improve position tracking performance, many intelligent controllers are proposed: from nonlinear proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller 17 to fuzzy controller, 18 from neural network controller 19 to adaptive robust controller, 20 and from sliding mode controller 21,22 to hybrid controller. 23,24 However, these controllers have some shortcomings such as dependence on model accuracy and heavy computation load.…”