Outsize Influence of Central American Orography on Global Climate

Baldwin, Jane W.; Atwood, Alyssa R.; Vecchi, Gabriel A.; Battisti, David S.

doi:10.1002/essoar.10505166.1

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The global‐scale inaccuracy of these models therefore appears to be subtle if present. We suggest that the previously documented proxy‐model disagreements in the tropics may be related to the representation of local hydroclimate, land‐atmosphere feedbacks, or surface topography at specific sites (Baldwin et al., 2021) rather than the planetary‐scale energy balance. Finally, because Δ T UT primarily reflects altitudes above ∼5 km, it places a plausible upper limit on the change in the atmospheric emission temperature influencing outgoing longwave radiation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Clumped‐Isotope Constraint on Upper‐Tropospheric Cooling During the Last Glacial Maximum

et al. 2022

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Atmospheric lapse rates affect the emission of longwave radiation to space and thus the climate system's response to changes in greenhouse gas concentrations (Bony et al., 2006;Soden & Held, 2006). Accurately predicting how they and other atmospheric properties change when subject to different climate forcing, however, remains a challenge (Bony et al., 2006(Bony et al., , 2015Shepherd, 2014;Sherwood et al., 2014). Simulated lapse-rate responses to climate forcing differ substantially among models and they are, on average, a factor of two smaller than what proxy-based reconstructions imply for the most recent glacial period in the tropics (

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Clumped‐Isotope Constraint on Upper‐Tropospheric Cooling During the Last Glacial Maximum

et al. 2022

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“…In part, this is further underscored by the fact that models produce different SST responses to external forcing (volcanic vs. orbital) even over the last millennium (Bhattacharya & Coats, 2020). Furthermore, SST biases in the eastern Tropical Pacific and the Tropical Atlantic, driven by poor model representation of topography in Mesoamerica (Baldwin et al., 2021) and oceanic and atmospheric circulation (Imbol Nkwinkwa et al., 2021), further confound the ability to accurately reproduce the SST interbasin gradient. Lastly, the large inter‐model spread in precipitation is also partially driven by the paucity of paleoclimate records and uncertainties in the response of rainfall and SSTs to internal variability (Deser et al., 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precipitation in Northeast Mexico Primarily Controlled by the Relative Warming of Atlantic SSTs

Wright

Johnson

Bhattacharya

et al. 2022

Geophysical Research Letters

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Reconstructing hydroclimate over the Common Era is essential for understanding the dominant mechanisms of precipitation change and improving climate model projections, which currently suggest Northeast Mexico will become drier in the future. Tree‐ring reconstructions have suggested regional rainfall is primarily controlled by Pacific sea‐surface temperatures (SSTs). However, tree ring records tend to reflect winter‐spring rainfall, and thus may not accurately record total annual precipitation. Using the first multiproxy speleothem record spanning the last millennium, combined with results from an atmospheric general circulation model, we demonstrate mean annual rainfall in Northeast Mexico is highly sensitive to Atlantic SST variability. Our findings suggest future precipitation in Northeast Mexico is more dependent upon the warming of Tropical Atlantic SSTs relative to the Tropical Pacific.

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“…There may also be additional errors in elevation measurements within gridded data sets themselves, irrespective of resolution. Problems of horizontal resolution are also highly relevant for model data sets, which in addition may be affected by limitations in simulating mountain‐specific processes (Baldwin et al., 2021).…”

Section: Broader Limitations and Proposals For Future Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate Changes and Their Elevational Patterns in the Mountains of the World

Pepin

Arnone

Gobiet

et al. 2022

Reviews of Geophysics

266

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Quantifying rates of climate change in mountain regions is of considerable interest, not least because mountains are viewed as climate “hotspots” where change can anticipate or amplify what is occurring elsewhere. Accelerating mountain climate change has extensive environmental impacts, including depletion of snow/ice reserves, critical for the world's water supply. Whilst the concept of elevation‐dependent warming (EDW), whereby warming rates are stratified by elevation, is widely accepted, no consistent EDW profile at the global scale has been identified. Past assessments have also neglected elevation‐dependent changes in precipitation. In this comprehensive analysis, both in situ station temperature and precipitation data from mountain regions, and global gridded data sets (observations, reanalyses, and model hindcasts) are employed to examine the elevation dependency of temperature and precipitation changes since 1900. In situ observations in paired studies (using adjacent stations) show a tendency toward enhanced warming at higher elevations. However, when all mountain/lowland studies are pooled into two groups, no systematic difference in high versus low elevation group warming rates is found. Precipitation changes based on station data are inconsistent with no systematic contrast between mountain and lowland precipitation trends. Gridded data sets (CRU, GISTEMP, GPCC, ERA5, and CMIP5) show increased warming rates at higher elevations in some regions, but on a global scale there is no universal amplification of warming in mountains. Increases in mountain precipitation are weaker than for low elevations worldwide, meaning reduced elevation‐dependency of precipitation, especially in midlatitudes. Agreement on elevation‐dependent changes between gridded data sets is weak for temperature but stronger for precipitation.

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Outsize Influence of Central American Orography on Global Climate

Cited by 6 publications

References 41 publications

Clumped‐Isotope Constraint on Upper‐Tropospheric Cooling During the Last Glacial Maximum

Clumped‐Isotope Constraint on Upper‐Tropospheric Cooling During the Last Glacial Maximum

Precipitation in Northeast Mexico Primarily Controlled by the Relative Warming of Atlantic SSTs

Climate Changes and Their Elevational Patterns in the Mountains of the World

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