Ovarian-adrenal interactions in regulation of body weight by female rats.

Mook, Douglas G.; Kenney, Nancy J.; Roberts, Sidney; Nussbaum, Alan I.; Rodier, William I.

doi:10.1037/h0033526

Cited by 148 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Stimulatory effects of estrogen on voluntary physical activity such as wheel running are known (32), and the magnitude of activities such as wheel running throughout the estrous cycle closely parallel E2 levels (3). Thus, our observed decrease in overall energy expenditure may reflect decreases in voluntary and͞or basal metabolic activity in the ␣ERKO males, and this is an area of active investigation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased adipose tissue in male and female estrogen receptor-α knockout mice

Heine

Taylor

Iwamoto

et al. 2000

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

1,162

945

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Estrogen regulates the amount of white adipose tissue (WAT) in females, but its role in males and whether WAT effects involve estrogen receptor-␣ (ER␣) or ER␤ were unclear. We analyzed the role of ER␣ in WAT and brown adipose tissue by comparing these tissues in wild-type (WT) and ER␣-knockout (␣ERKO) male and female mice. Brown adipose tissue weight was similar in ␣ERKO and WT males at all ages. Progressive increases in WAT were seen in ␣ERKO males with advancing age. Epididymal, perirenal, and inguinal WAT weighed 139 -185% more in ␣ERKO than in WT males by 270 -360 days of age. Epididymal and perirenal adipocyte size was increased 20% in ␣ERKO males. Adipocyte number was 82-168% greater in fat pads of ␣ERKO vs. WT males. Compared with WT, 90-day-old ␣ERKO females had increases in fat pad weights (54 -103%), adipocyte size, and number. Both ␣ERKO males and females had insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance, similar to humans lacking ER␣ or aromatase. Energy intake was equal in WT and ␣ERKO males, indicating that obesity was not induced by hyperphagia. In contrast, energy expenditure was reduced by 11% in ␣ERKO compared with WT males, indicating that altered energy expenditure may be important for the observed obesity. In summary, ER␣ absence causes adipocyte hyperplasia and hypertrophy, insulin resistance, and glucose intolerance in both sexes. These results are evidence that estrogen͞ER␣ signaling is critical in female and male WAT; obesity in ␣ERKO males involves a mechanism of reduced energy expenditure rather than increased energy intake. O besity is a significant human health problem whose incidence is reaching epidemic proportions in some Western countries. For example, obesity in Americans has risen dramatically in the past 40 years, from 12.8% in 1962 to 22.5% in 1998, and 55% of the population is considered overweight (1). Obesity is associated with increased type II diabetes, heart disease, certain cancers, and other health problems, and obesity is estimated to be responsible for 300,000 deaths͞year in the U.S. (2). Because of these human health concerns, there is intense interest in factors that regulate development and function of white adipose tissue (WAT). In addition, factors regulating WAT in food animals are important because of concerns over excess fat consumption in Western diets, which may contribute to adverse health effects.Evidence from both humans and laboratory animals suggests that estrogen plays an important role in WAT regulation. Ovariectomy of rodents increases WAT, and estrogen replacement decreases WAT (3). Similarly, postmenopausal women have increased WAT, and estrogen therapy decreases WAT levels compared with untreated postmenopausal women (4).Female WAT expresses the classical estrogen receptor, estrogen receptor-␣ (ER␣), as well as the recently described ER␤ (5-8). Although the relative role of ER␣ and ER␤ and the mechanism by which estrogen regulates WAT are unclear, estrogen effects on glucose homeostasis in females may be involved (9). For example, glucose to...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased adipose tissue in male and female estrogen receptor-α knockout mice

Heine

Taylor

Iwamoto

et al. 2000

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

1,162

945

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“…Running-wheel activity is permanently suppressed in OVX females (Wang, 1923). Estradiol treatment increases locomotor activity (Mook, Kenney, Roberts, Nussbaum, and Rodier, 1972), and progesterone inhibits this effect Central versus peripheral control mechanisms Until recently, it was assumed that ovarian hormones acted directly on the brain to alter food intake which, in turn, resulted in the changes in body weight (e.g.. Wade, 1976). The hypothalamus is an important site of gonadal hormone action (e.g., Wade and Gray, 1979).…”

Section: Ovarian Hormone Manipulations In Female Ratsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of estradiol and progesterone on food intake, body weight, and carcass adiposity in weanling rats

Schwartz¹,

Wade²

1981

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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“…These experiments, which employed doses of EB in the range commonly employed for the maintenance of normal body weight and food intake (King & Cox, 1973;Tarttelin & Gorski, 1973), female sexual behavior (Davidson, Smith, Rogers, & Block, 1968), and locomotor activity (Gerall, Napoli, & Cooper, 1973;Mook et al, 1972;Stem & Murphy, 1972) following ovariectomy, clearly indicate that brief samples of wheel running activity are sensitive to the facilitative effects of estradiol. The present activity measuring techniques will allow more efficient use of running wheels for many experiments involving the estrogenic induction of activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With regard to wheel running activity, Jennings (1969) has reported detection of estrus-related activity with 12-h samples. We were interested in determining if the effects of estradiol on wheel running activity (Mook, Kenney, Roberts, Nussbaum, & Rodier, 1972;Young & Fish, 1945) could be detected with brief samples of wheel running activity. To explore this possibility, we examined the effects of estradiol injections in ovariectomized rats on 1-and 2-h samples of wheel running activity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%