Ovarian and uterine ultrasonography and relation to puberty in healthy girls between 6 and 16 years in the Turkish population: a cross-sectional study

Ersen, Atilla; Önal, Hasan; Yıldırım, Düzgün; Adal, Erdal

doi:10.1515/jpem-2012-0014

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…There are controversies in the diagnosis of PCOM in adolescents, mainly due to the high prevalence of physiological changes in their ovaries (34, 35). Hence, ultrasound is not a first-line investigation in adolescents; instead, their ovarian dysfunction should be detected based on oligomenorrhea and/or biochemical evidence of oligo/anovulation (15).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Adolescents: Challenges in Diagnosis and Treatment

Tehrani

Amiri

2019

Int J Endocrinol Metab

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Context Despite the importance of timely diagnosis and treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) among adolescent females, considering the paucity of data focusing on this group and controversies documented on its recognition and management, the purpose of this review was to summarize challenges and recommendations of diagnosis and treatment for adolescents with PCOS. Evidence Acquisition This review summarizes papers documented on PCOS among adolescent females. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were searched for retrieving studies conducted on PCOS among adolescent females up to March, 2019. The final selection of papers was made based on their relevancy with the fields of diagnosis and treatment of PCOS in this age group. Results Oligo-anovulation in adolescents, if persistent, is a matter for concern. Hirsutism and moderate to severe acne in adolescent females should be considered as clinical manifestations of hyperandrogenism (HA). Diagnosis of biochemical HA in adolescents with PCOS requires reliable tests using well-defined normal ranges. In adolescent females, an elevated androgen level (hyperandrogenemia) alone is not enough to detect HA, unless it is persistent and associated with anovulation. Metabolic disorders should not be used as diagnostic criteria of PCOS among adolescent females. Re-assessment of all adolescent females with probable PCOS, using reliable diagnostic criteria, is needed to avoid over diagnosis and unnecessary treatment in healthy normal females without HA. In adolescent females with PCOS, the main clinical problem is the control of menstrual irregularity and hirsutism; treatment approaches for these patients are primarily directed at the major clinical manifestations and complaints. Lifestyle modifications are baseline interventions, which can be added to special treatments, such as Oral Contraceptives (OCs), metformin, or antiandrogens for most adolescents with PCOS, particularly those with overweight or obesity. Conclusions This review emphasizes the use of standard diagnostic criteria for PCOS, developed for adolescents. Although early recognition and management of PCOS in adolescents can prevent long-term complications associated with this syndrome, clinicians should re-evaluate all such patients with features very similar to PCOS to avoid over/incorrect diagnosis using precise criteria, suggested for this age group.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Adolescents: Challenges in Diagnosis and Treatment

Tehrani

Amiri

2019

Int J Endocrinol Metab

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“…According to the International guidelines on PCOM, transabdominal ultrasound is not recommended for use as a diagnostic criterion until at least 8 years post-menarche, mainly due to the high prevalence of characteristic follicular increase in young adults and an enlarged ovarian volume during this period. 12 , 70 – 73 In addition, the implementation of adult thresholds adjusted for the transvaginal route may lead to over-diagnosis of PCOM in adolescents; hence, PCOM in adolescents is not a reliable diagnosis of PCOS. 74 …”

Section: Diagnosis Of Pcosmentioning

confidence: 99%

An update on polycystic ovary syndrome: A review of the current state of knowledge in diagnosis, genetic etiology, and emerging treatment options

Islam

Masud

Islam

et al. 2022

Womens Health (Lond Engl)

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Polycystic ovary syndrome is the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age, which is still incurable. However, the symptoms can be successfully managed with proper medication and lifestyle interventions. Despite its prevalence, little is known about its etiology. In this review article, the up-to-date diagnostic features and parameters recommended on the grounds of evidence-based data and different guidelines are explored. The ambiguity and insufficiency of data when diagnosing adolescent women have been put under special focus. We look at some of the most recent research done to establish relationships between different gene polymorphisms with polycystic ovary syndrome in various populations along with the underestimated impact of environmental factors like endocrine-disrupting chemicals on the reproductive health of these women. Furthermore, the article concludes with existing treatments options and the scopes for advancement in the near future. Various therapies have been considered as potential treatment through multiple randomized controlled studies, and clinical trials conducted over the years are described in this article. Standard therapies ranging from metformin to newly found alternatives based on vitamin D and gut microbiota could shine some light and guidance toward a permanent cure for this female reproductive health issue in the future.

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“…At the center of this controversy is the fact that the guidelines used to define PCOM overlap with the criteria for a multifollicular ovary especially when utilizing a transabdominal approach and follicle counts. The ovarian volume starts to increase with the onset of puberty, achieves maximum volume soon after (between menarche and age 16 years), and remains stable or decreases slightly thereafter [82][83][84][85] . Follicle number and size are also noted to increase with puberty, with a higher number of small follicles during adolescence and young adulthood and a decrease thereafter [84] .…”

Section: What Are the Criteria For Pcom In Adolescents?mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Diagnosis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome during Adolescence

et al. 2015

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dress a series of questions regarding the diagnosis of PCOS during adolescence including the following: clinical and biochemical evidence of hyperandrogenism, criteria for oligoanovulation and polycystic ovary morphology, diagnostic criteria to exclude other causes of hyperandrogenism and amenorrhea, role of insulin resistance, and intervention. Results and Conclusion: Features of PCOS overlap normal pubertal development. Hence, caution should be taken before diagnosing PCOS without longitudinal evaluation. However, treatment may be indicated even in the absence of a definitive diagnosis. While obesity, insulin resistance, and hyperinsulinemia are common findings in adolescents with hyperandrogenism, these features should not be used to diagnose PCOS among adolescent girls. © 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel Key WordsHyperandrogenism · Ovarian hyperandrogenism · Ovary · Polycystic ovary syndrome · Puberty Abstract Background/Aims: The diagnostic criteria for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in adolescence are controversial, primarily because the diagnostic pathological features used in adult women may be normal pubertal physiological events. Hence, international pediatric and adolescent specialty societies have defined criteria that have sufficient evidence to be used for the diagnosis of PCOS in adolescents. Methods: The literature has been reviewed and evidence graded to ad-

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Ovarian and uterine ultrasonography and relation to puberty in healthy girls between 6 and 16 years in the Turkish population: a cross-sectional study

Cited by 12 publications

References 14 publications

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Adolescents: Challenges in Diagnosis and Treatment

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Adolescents: Challenges in Diagnosis and Treatment

An update on polycystic ovary syndrome: A review of the current state of knowledge in diagnosis, genetic etiology, and emerging treatment options

The Diagnosis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome during Adolescence

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