Ovarian ultrasound appearances in Turner syndrome

Poor uterine development in Turner syndrome with oral oestrogen therapy

“…Morphologically normal ovaries were visualized in 18% of our TS study group and were associated with spontaneous breast development in all girls of pubertal age. This is a lower incidence than reported in some other studies; for example, Massarano et al . (1989) described ‘non‐streak’ ovaries in 32% of 104 girls, and Haber and Ranke (1999) in 44% of 93 girls.…”

Normal US appearance of ovaries and uterus in four patients with Turner's syndrome and 45,X karyotype

“…We confirm the work of Massarano et al [4] and Shawker et al [11], who showed that ultrasonography can be a useful tool in defining the anatomy of the ovaries in Turner's syndrome. Small normal ovaries are found on US examination in half of the patients with 45,X karyotype in the first 2 years of life, but by 4 years of age the ovaries are described as "streaks" and consist only of connective tissue, with perhaps a few germ cells.…”

“…Ultrasound studies in patients who are chromosomal mosaics, such as 45,X/46,XX, have shown a spectrum of findings ranging from absent ovaries and an infantile uterus to normal-sized gonads and uterus [4]. On the other hand, patients with the 45,X karyotype typically have gonads consisting of elongated streaks of connective tissue with few germ cells that are not seen by ultrasonography; hence the term gonadal dysgenesis [4]. In these women, uterine size and configuration remain prepubertal throughout life.…”

Turner syndrome patients’ ultrasound profile

“…However, studies on the field are still inconclusive regarding the optimal estradiol replacement therapy, or even routes of administration, starting age, its benefits, or disadvantages [9][10][11][12][13]. The uterus is an estrogen therapy target organ.…”