ResumoOs manipuladores são a principal via de contaminação dos alimentos, o que pode levar ao surto de doenças transmitidas por alimentos. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o nível de conhecimento dos manipuladores dos Restaurantes Públicos Populares (RPP) do Estado do Rio de Janeiro sobre boas práticas de manipulação de alimentos, relacioná-las à sua capacitação e esta com as condições higiênico-sanitárias dos RPP. Trata-se de estudo exploratório, realizado entre outubro/2007 e janeiro/2008 em dez RPP. Um questionário composto de 17 questões fechadas e abertas, sendo 8 relativas ao conhecimento sobre boas práticas de manipulação, foi aplicado a 103 manipuladores de alimentos. Foi aplicado o teste de correlação entre as varáveis nível de conhecimento dos manipuladores, capacitação nos RPP e condições higiênico-sanitárias dos RPP. O conhecimento dos manipuladores, em média, foi considerado regular (56,09%), sendo que os RPP 3 e 10 obtiveram nível de conhecimento deficiente, respectivamente, 48,3 e 49,1% de respostas corretas e em nenhum dos RPP foi constatado bom nível de conhecimento sobre boas práticas de manipulação. Houve correlação positiva entre a existência de capacitação e a avaliação higiênico-sanitária dos RPP, assim como com o nível de conhecimento. Conclui-se que foi regular o percentual de respostas corretas obtido sobre boas práticas, o que reforça que cabe investir na capacitação dos manipuladores de alimentos, sendo um desafio encontrar a melhor didática para esta prática de forma que não só atenda aos anseios dos trabalhadores, mas também às exigências da legislação sanitária. Palavras-chave: Manipuladores de alimentos; Capacitação; Boas práticas de manipulação; Restaurantes. SummaryThe food handlers are the main contamination route for foods and can lead to food poisoning outbreaks. Thus the objective of the present study was to evaluate the level of knowledge of the food handlers working in popular public restaurants (PPR) in Rio de Janeiro/Brazil on good practices in food handling, and relate this to their training, and their training to the hygienic-sanitary conditions of the PPR. This was an exploratory study, carried out between October/2007 and January/2008 in ten PPR. A questionnaire consisting of 17 closed and open questions, of which 8 concerned their knowledge about good handling practices, was applied to 103 food handlers. Statistical tests were applied to test for correlation between the various levels of knowledge of the handlers, their training in the PPR and the hygienic-sanitary conditions of the PPR. On average, the knowledge of the food handlers was considered to be regular (56.09%), although those working in PPR 3 and 10 showed poor levels of knowledge of, respectively, 48.3 and 49.1% of correct answers. None of the PPR showed good levels of knowledge concerning handling practices. There was positive correlation between the existence of training and the evaluation of the sanitary-hygienic conditions of the PPR, as well as the level of knowledge. It was conclu...

Aims: Isolated premature pubarche (PP) is commonly caused by premature adrenarche (PA), and links between PA, children born small for gestational age (SGA) and insulin resistance have already been made in some populations. Subjects and Methods: We assessed anthropometric data, pubertal landmarks and metabolic profile at diagnosis and during the study in 52 girls with the diagnosis of isolated PP from a Brazilian cohort. Results: The prevalence of obesity (25%), dyslipidemia (63.5%) and born SGA children (21.2%) was greater among PP girls than in the reference population (4, 46.8 and 10%, respectively). There was no increase in the prevalence of insulin resistance and no correlation with birth weight, onset of PP or other pubertal signs. The Z score of heights at PP diagnosis was greater than the Z score of mid-parental height, but achieved final height (n = 16 girls, p = 0.002) was similar to normal population standards and to the predicted final height based on bone age at PP diagnosis (p = 0.08). Thelarche and menarche occurred at normal age, just earlier than expected. Conclusion: The prevalence of children born SGA, obese and dyslipidemic, but not of hyperinsulinemic children, was high in our cohort of PP girls. Puberty started earlier than usual but within the normal range.

The ultrasonographic pattern in patients with spontaneous puberty without secondary failure was appropriate. The karyotype and the route estrogen therapy were not related to the standard of ultrasound study of the uterus and ovary.

Background Taper is considered as a strategy to avoid overtraining and increase peak performance in athletes. Because aerobic exercise increases the level and duration of independence during the lifespan, the participation of recreational athletes has increased in running events around the world. However, the effects of using load reduction in their training and aerobic performance are still not well known. Objectives Our goal was to compare load manipulations, using tapering-like periods in the end of recreational athletes training evaluating alterations in oxygen supply, muscle injury, and metabolism markers. Methods Healthy males ( n = 88, 20–35 years old) were randomly distributed in groups using a combination of two mesocycles of 4 weeks, undulatory and staggered, with two daily microcycles, undulatory and linear. Undulatory-undulatory (Und-Und) and undulatory-linear (Und-Lin) groups had load reduction in the final week of training while the staggered-undulatory (Sta-Und) and staggered-linear (Sta-Lin) groups did not. Cardiorespiratory capacity (V̇O 2max ), body mass index (BMI), and body fat % were evaluated. Blood samples were also collected to analyze hematocrit (Ht), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCHC), circulating levels of hemoglobin (Hb), creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), urea (U), cortisol (C), free testosterone (FT), and free T/C ratio. Results After 8 weeks of training, Und-Und had the highest trend to increase V̇O 2max . Both Und-Und and Sta-Lin reduced body fat %. Und-Und showed a significant increase in MCHC, T and Free T/C ratio, a positive trend to increase Ht% and Hb levels, and a trend to decrease CK, LDH, and C circulating levels. Sta-Lin presented a trend to decrease Ht% and Hb levels, a significant increase in CK, LDH, AST, ALT circulating levels, and a decrease in Free T/C ratio. Conclusion The use of daily undulatory training load provides better gains for aerobic fitness while the use of staggered load, mainly associated with linear load, promotes inadequate recovery in recreational runners.