Ovary Cells Apoptosis in Opium-Addicted Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Rats

Abstract

BackgroundApoptosis is a physiological mechanism of cell death and it can be triggered by a variety of internal and external stimuli. It has been indicated that some opium derivatives develop cell apoptosis.ObjectivesThe aim of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of opium addiction on ovary cell apoptosis in diabetic and non-diabetic Wistar rats.Materials and MethodsThis experimental study was done on control, control-addicted, diabetic and diabetic-addicted rats. DNA fragmentation as a biomarker of apoptosis was determined by the TUNEL assay.ResultsThe blood glucose concentration in diabetic-addicted and diabetic rats was increased when compared to control (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference between weights of control, control-addicted (non-diabetic) and diabetic-addicted groups during this study. The results of this study indicated that apoptosis in addicted and diabetic-addicted ovary cells was significantly higher than in diabetic group, and also apoptosis in addicted group was significantly more than the control rats. In addition, we found that ovary cells apoptosis of diabetic rats were significantly less than in control group.ConclusionsOverall, these findings suggest that opium-addiction could play an important role in ovary cell apoptosis and could be very harmful for the reproductive system. Also, ovary cells of non-diabetic rats are more susceptible to opium-induced apoptosis than those of diabetic.

Intergenerational Hyperglycemia Impairs Mitochondrial Function and Follicular Development and Causes Oxidative Stress in Rat Ovaries Independent of the Consumption of a High-Fat Diet

“…The relationship between hyperglycemia and the induction of apoptosis has already been established, and studies have reported the presence of excess apoptosis in the ovarian cells of diabetic rats [22,83,85] and in the ovaries of rats that consumed an HFD by increasing the expression of Bax and caspase-3 in addition to other apoptotic markers [18,52,86,87]. However, our results are controversial.…”

“…Apoptosis is a complex process involving intrinsic and extrinsic activation pathways by pro-and anti-apoptotic proteins coordinated by normal mitochondrial function [81]. Studies have demonstrated that the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis controlled by the Bcl-2 family has an important role in oocyte survival and in the maintenance of the ovarian reserve [82]; changes in this pathway, such as the increased activation of pro-apoptotic members (e.g., Bax) and a decrease in anti-apoptotic members (e.g., Bcl-2) compromise reproduction through caspase-3-mediated cell death [22,83]. Furthermore, impaired cell proliferation prevents adequate follicular development and oocyte maturation, leading to reproductive dysfunction [84].…”

Type 2 diabetes and mental disorders; a plausible link with inflammation

“…Increased blood sugar in the patients is an important cause of several complications including cardiovascular diseases, neuropathy, retinopathy, kidney failure, amputations and so on (4,7). Obesity, unsuitable diet, not enough exercise, genetics, hormones and environmental factors are the main reasons for insulin resistance but some environmental factors such as stress and mental diseases deteriorate the disease (5,8). Inflammation is a common phenomenon in T2D which is associated with the mentioned complications (1,9).…”