Over‐diagnosis of cognitive deficits in psychiatric patients may be the result of not controlling for hearing sensitivity and auditory processing

Iliadou, Vasiliki Vivian; Moschopoulos, Nikolaos; Sidiras, Christos; Eleftheriadou, Aikaterini; Nimatoudis, Ioannis

doi:10.1111/pcn.12768

Cited by 21 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…Use of such speech tests would benefit future studies of central ARHI. Fifth, hearing loss has been shown to negatively impact the testing outcome of a backward digit span test, a measurement of working memory (Iliadou, Moschopoulos, Sidiras, Eleftheriadou, & Nimatoudis, 2018). Thus, it would be interesting to explore GDT (ms) 10.36 ± 1.7…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for independent peripheral and central age‐related hearing impairment

Bao

et al. 2020

J of Neuroscience Research

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Deleterious age‐related changes in the central auditory nervous system have been referred to as central age‐related hearing impairment (ARHI) or central presbycusis. Central ARHI is often assumed to be the consequence of peripheral ARHI. However, it is possible that certain aspects of central ARHI are independent from peripheral ARHI. A confirmation of this possibility could lead to significant improvements in current rehabilitation practices. The major difficulty in addressing this issue arises from confounding factors, such as other age‐related changes in both the cochlea and central non‐auditory brain structures. Because gap detection is a common measure of central auditory temporal processing, and gap detection thresholds are less influenced by changes in other brain functions such as learning and memory, we investigated the potential relationship between age‐related peripheral hearing loss (i.e., audiograms) and age‐related changes in gap detection. Consistent with previous studies, a significant difference was found for gap detection thresholds between young and older adults. However, among older adults, no significant associations were observed between gap detection ability and several other independent variables including the pure tone audiogram average, the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale‐Vocabulary score, gender, and age. Statistical analyses showed little or no contributions from these independent variables to gap detection thresholds. Thus, our data indicate that age‐related decline in central temporal processing is largely independent of peripheral ARHI.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for independent peripheral and central age‐related hearing impairment

Bao

et al. 2020

J of Neuroscience Research

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“…The secondary hypothesis concerns the interaction between cognition and auditory processing (Iliadou et al, 2017b, 2018a; see also Gyldenkærne et al, 2014). There is indication that cognitive factors such as auditory attention, working memory and non-verbal intelligence correlate with performance in psychoacoustic tests (Moore et al, 2010, 2013; Tomlin et al, 2015; Iliadou et al, 2017a, 2018c; Stavrinos et al, 2018). The direction of causality is unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deficits in Auditory Rhythm Perception in Children With Auditory Processing Disorder Are Unrelated to Attention

et al. 2019

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Auditory processing disorder (APD) is defined as a specific deficit in the processing of auditory information along the central auditory nervous system, including bottom-up and top-down neural connectivity. Even though music comprises a big part of audition, testing music perception in APD population has not yet gained wide attention in research. This work tests the hypothesis that deficits in rhythm perception occur in a group of subjects with APD. The primary focus of this study is to measure perception of a simple auditory rhythm, i.e., short isochronous sequences of beats, in APD children and to compare their performance to age-matched normal controls. The secondary question is to study the relationship between cognition and auditory processing of rhythm perception. We tested 39 APD children and 25 control children aged between 6 and 12 years via (a) clinical APD tests, including a monaural speech in noise test, (b) isochrony task, a test measuring the detection of small deviations from perfect isochrony in a isochronous beats sequence, and (c) two cognitive tests (auditory memory and auditory attention). APD children scored worse in isochrony task compared to the age-matched control group. In the APD group, neither measure of cognition (attention nor memory) correlated with performance in isochrony task. Left (but not right) speech in noise performance correlated with performance in isochrony task. In the control group a large correlation (r = −0.701, p = 0.001) was observed between isochrony task and attention, but not with memory. The results demonstrate a deficit in the perception of regularly timed sequences in APD that is relevant to the perception of speech in noise, a ubiquitous complaint in this condition. Our results suggest (a) the existence of a non-attention related rhythm perception deficit in APD children and (b) differential effects of attention on task performance in normal vs. APD children. The potential beneficial use of music/rhythm training for rehabilitation purposes in APD children would need to be explored.

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“…Iliadou et al . () warned that over‐diagnosis of cognitive deficits in psychiatric patients may be the result of not controlling for hearing sensitivity and auditory processing. According to them, there are indications that auditory administered cognitive tests may present with low or abnormal results that become higher or even normal when hearing is corrected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This may be based on functional deficits due to cognitive decline, which are present in early onset schizophrenia (Häfner & Maurer, ). Moreover, indication exists that measured cognition may be poorer due to an auditory deficit, including APD (Iliadou, Moschopoulos, Sidiras, Eleftheriadou & Nimatoudis, ). The relation between auditory processing deficits and cognition is complex.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral assessment of auditory processing deficits in schizophrenia: Literature review and suggestions for future research

Moschopoulos

Nimatoudis

Kaprinis

et al. 2018

Scandinavian J Psychology

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Moschopoulos, N. P., Nimatoudis, I., Kaprinis, S. & Iliadou, V. (2019). Behavioral assessment of auditory processing deficits in schizophrenia: Literature review and suggestions for future research. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 60, 116-127.During the last decades, a considerable number of studies about auditory processing deficits in schizophrenia have been published, some of them using the term of Auditory Processing Disorder (APD). Due to heterogeneous methodology and inconsistent results concrete conclusions may not be straightforward. We focused on studies that used at least one behavioral test for the assessment of auditory processing in schizophrenia, in order to identify new evidence on auditory processing deficits in schizophrenia, and to consider fields for future research. 28 studies met inclusion criteria and are presented in this review. The articles were divided into three groups, those that implemented a test battery approach, those that used only Dichotic Listening (DL), those that used DL along with imaging or electrophysiology techniques. Most of the studies that implemented a test battery showed significant performance differences between patients and controls. This indicates APD presence. Due to the limited number of studies implementing a test battery, this is not conclusive. The majority of all studies that used a DL task showed that patients' performance or laterality was significantly lower than that of controls. Age, duration of illness, total and specific positive symptoms seem to affect significantly DL performance and auditory laterality. The results support the existence of various schizophrenia subgroups that differ in their auditory processing performance, and also have structural and functional specificities. Further research in the field is needed, especially studies that implement a test battery, and studies that examine possible correlations between clinical variables and auditory processing deficits.

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Over‐diagnosis of cognitive deficits in psychiatric patients may be the result of not controlling for hearing sensitivity and auditory processing

Cited by 21 publications

References 4 publications

Evidence for independent peripheral and central age‐related hearing impairment

Evidence for independent peripheral and central age‐related hearing impairment

Deficits in Auditory Rhythm Perception in Children With Auditory Processing Disorder Are Unrelated to Attention

Behavioral assessment of auditory processing deficits in schizophrenia: Literature review and suggestions for future research

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