Over my fake body: body ownership illusions for studying the multisensory basis of own-body perception

Kilteni, Konstantina; Maselli, Antonella; Kording, Konrad; Slater, Mel

doi:10.3389/fnhum.2015.00141

Cited by 426 publications

(440 citation statements)

References 194 publications

(389 reference statements)

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“…BOIs [34,43,56] involve the self-attribution of external objects to the own body, which can be induced through multisensory integration [11,39], for instance through concurrent visuo-tactile stimulation of a body part. Such illusions may include ownership of a whole artificial body [40,43,50], or just an artificial limb [7,23,35,48].…”

Section: Body Ownership Illusions (Bois)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…• Matching stimuli: the stimuli should be synchronous (temporal), collocated and have the same orientation (e.g., stroking the index finger synchronously and in the same direction on both the virtual and real hand) [7,13,18,23,31,34,45,48].…”

Section: Body Ownership Illusions (Bois)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…• Anatomical plausibility: the artificial limb must be in a plausible posture (position and orientation) with respect to the body [9,14,18,30,31,32,34,48,55].…”

Section: Body Ownership Illusions (Bois)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extending the Body for Interaction with Reality

Feuchtner

Müller

2017

Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

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Figure 1: We present an ownership-preserving direct manipulation technique in augmented reality, which allows interaction with remote devices in a ubicomp environment with the help of a long virtual arm. While the user's real hand is close to the body the virtual arm is of normal length (A) and by simply reaching out the user can make it extend to access remote devices in the room. For instance we allow adjusting the height of a table (B), opening and closing a curtain (C) and adjusting the angle of a tilting surface (D). ABSTRACTIn this paper, we explore how users can control remote devices with a virtual long arm, while preserving the perception that the artificial arm is actually part of their own body. Instead of using pointing, speech, or a remote control, the users' arm is extended in augmented reality, allowing access to devices that are out of reach. Thus, we allow users to directly manipulate real-world objects from a distance using their bare hands. A core difficulty we focus on is how to maintain ownership for the unnaturally long virtual arm, which is the strong feeling that one's limbs are actually part of the own body. Fortunately, what the human brain experiences as being part of the own body is very malleable and we find that during interaction the user's virtual arm can be stretched to more than twice its real length, without breaking the user's sense of ownership for the virtual limb.

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Section: Body Ownership Illusions (Bois)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Body Ownership Illusions (Bois)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extending the Body for Interaction with Reality

Feuchtner

Müller

2017

Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

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“…Moreover, the strength of the illusion correlates with the activity in multisensory frontoparietal areas (9)(10)(11)(12). Thus, the feeling of ownership of a limb is associated with the dynamic formation of a coherent representation of one's own limb in space based on multisensory integration mechanisms (2,(13)(14)(15).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Body ownership determines the attenuation of self-generated tactile sensations

Kilteni

Ehrsson

2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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133

132

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Self-perception depends on the brain's abilities to differentiate our body from the environment and to distinguish between the sensations generated as a consequence of voluntary movement and those arising from events in the external world. The first process refers to the sense of ownership of our body and relies on the dynamic integration of multisensory (afferent) signals. The second process depends on internal forward models that use (efferent) information from our motor commands to predict and attenuate the sensory consequences of our movements. However, the relationship between body ownership and sensory attenuation driven by the forward models remains unknown. To address this issue, we combined the rubber hand illusion, which allows experimental manipulation of body ownership, and the force-matching paradigm, which allows psychophysical quantification of somatosensory attenuation. We found that a rubber right hand pressing on the left index finger produced somatosensory attenuation but only when the model hand felt like one's own (illusory selftouch); reversely, the attenuation that was expected to occur during actual self-touch with the real hands was reduced when the participants simultaneously experienced ownership of a rubber right hand that was placed at a distance from their left hand. These results demonstrate that the sense of body ownership determines somatosensory attenuation. From a theoretical perspective, our results are important because they suggest that body ownership updates the internal representation of body state that provides the input to the forward model generating sensory predictions during voluntary action.sensory attenuation | body ownership | forward models | state estimation | predictive motor control T he distinction between self and nonself is fundamental for all biological organisms. External signals constitute potential threats and must be clearly distinguished from self-related signals. Imagine, for example, how dangerous it would be if you could not distinguish between a spider crawling up your neck and your own fingers scratching the same part of the skin. The central nervous system has therefore developed mechanisms to distinguish between self-related signals and non-self-related signals. Two neural mechanisms are considered particularly important for this differentiation. First, the integration of signals from different sensory modalities (e.g., vision, touch, proprioception; multisensory integration) leads to the formation of a central representation of one's own body in space (1, 2). Sensory information attributed to this representation is experienced as originating from one's own body (sense of body ownership). Second, when we actively move our body, the brain predicts the sensory consequences of the movements by using internal copies of the voluntary motor commands (efference copy) (3-5). This allows the central nervous system to disambiguate self-produced sensations from sensations arising from external causes. However, the relationship between these two basic self-...

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“…Since the visitor has the ability to move the body of the robot or avatar by simply moving their own body, this is likely to result in a high sense of agency over the remote body. This phenomenon is a strong factor in inducing the full-BOI (Kilteni et al, 2015).…”

Section: The Transportermentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Destination Beaming: Apparently Being in Three Places at Once through Robotic and Virtual Embodiment

et al. 2016

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It has been shown that an illusion of ownership over an artificial limb or even an entire body can be induced in people through multisensory stimulation, providing evidence that the surrogate body is the person's actual body. Such body ownership illusions (BOIs) have been shown to occur with virtual bodies, mannequins, and humanoid robots. In this study, we show the possibility of eliciting a full-BOI over not one, but multiple artificial bodies concurrently. We demonstrate this by describing a system that allowed a participant to inhabit and fully control two different humanoid robots located in two distinct places and a virtual body in immersive virtual reality, using real-time full-body tracking and two-way audio communication, thereby giving them the illusion of ownership over each of them. We implemented this by allowing the participant be embodied in any one surrogate body at a given moment and letting them instantaneously switch between them. While the participant was embodied in one of the bodies, a proxy system would track the locations currently unoccupied and would control their remote representation in order to continue performing the tasks in those locations in a logical fashion. To test the efficacy of this system, an exploratory study was carried out with a fully functioning setup with three destinations and a simplified version of the proxy for use in a social interaction. The results indicate that the system was physically and psychologically comfortable and was rated highly by participants in terms of usability. Additionally, feelings of BOI and agency were reported, which were not influenced by the type of body representation. The results provide us with clues regarding BOI with humanoid robots of different dimensions, along with insight about self-localization and multilocation.

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Over my fake body: body ownership illusions for studying the multisensory basis of own-body perception

Cited by 426 publications

References 194 publications

Extending the Body for Interaction with Reality

Extending the Body for Interaction with Reality

Body ownership determines the attenuation of self-generated tactile sensations

Multi-Destination Beaming: Apparently Being in Three Places at Once through Robotic and Virtual Embodiment

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