Overall Review of Seismic Wave Affected on Gravity Dam

Abstract

Under seismic activity, gravity dams may crack and slide, causing damage to their bodies, as well as losing structural strength and rigidity. Investigating the factors that affect seismic waves on the stabilization of gravity dams is focused on reviewing the most significant previous literature in the present study. The seismic that causes damage starts at the gravity dam's heel and progresses upstream; this damage was not affected by the type of foundation of gravity dam, not even material damping. Still, it was noticeably affected within the different frequencies and amplitudes. In contrast, the sliding is governed by the direction of the forces generated at a lower frequency value. Also, the maximum hydrodynamic pressure was observed beyond peak ground acceleration value, where its distribution was almost linear at 25% of reservoir depth, as the remaining lower part (represented by 75% of reservoir depth) shows a nonlinear inclination.