Overcoming Resistance to Service-Learning’s Use in the Preparation of Teachers for Secondary Agricultural Education: A Reframing of the Method’s Diffusion Challenges

Abstract

Although service-learning (SL) has shown promise, its adoption as a method of instruction in secondary agricultural education remains tentative. As such, this philosophical investigation examined how resistance to SL might be uniquely manifested in the context of teacher preparation and the implications for agricultural education if viewed through the lens of Rogers’ (2003) diffusion of innovations theory. After synthesizing related research and theory, we argue the method of instruction’s barriers to adoption include not only a misalignment between teacher educators’ beliefs and practices, but also result from a lack of knowledge, including (a) awareness, (b) how-to, and (c) principles (Rogers, 2003). We also posit that contextual influences at three levels – personal, institutional, and societal – drive or constrain teacher educators’ knowledge of SL during the innovation-decision process. By reframing the problem in this way, implications emerge regarding the difficulties teacher educators may experience as they cross contextual borders and attempt to overcome the knowledge deficiencies likely to influence their pedagogical decision-making. In this regard, we offer an expansion to Rogers’ (2003) innovation-decision process so teacher educators can forecast, isolate, and address better the contextual challenges and knowledge-related problems likely foregrounding their resistance to adopting SL as a method of instruction. Keywords: Diffusion of Innovations theory; innovation-decision process; resistance; service learning; teacher preparation

A Historical Examination of Food Labeling Policies and Practices in the United States: Implications for Agricultural Communications

“…As such, we call for marketers of agricultural products to develop modern branding strategies for traditional food products. We also concluded that the findings of this study contributed to knowledge regarding the need to reevaluate and possibly amend food label laws and regulations to ensure greater acceptance (Roberts & Edwards, 2020). Therefore, agricultural advocates and community groups should begin to reexamine food labeling policy to determine the necessary changes that could be made to create a more transparent future.…”

Cultivating Black Leaders for Rural Communities: A Case Study of a Leadership Development Program at an 1890 Land-Grant Institution

“…Although participants reported they experienced growth in their leadership style and in their career as a result of participating in LEAD, the extent of the growth varied substantially. Further, the rural Black leaders in this study were largely lack knowledge of leadership opportunities, resources, and social connections (Roberts & Edwards, 2020). For example, all participants spoke about the importance of networking and securing outside resources, i.e., revitalization programs and grants, to enhance their rural Black communities.…”