Overcoming undesired fuel crossover: Goals of methanol-resistant modification of polymer electrolyte membranes

Zhou, Jing; Cao, Jiamu; Zhang, Yufeng; Liu, Junfeng; Chen, Junyu; Li, Mingxue; Wang, Weiqi; Liu, Xiaowei

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2020.110660

Cited by 44 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 228 publications

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“…The resulting DSDSBA‐SPVA/nTiO 2 nanocomposite membrane demonstrated more than 2000 h of durability and lifetime, and had shown a methanol permeability of 1.3 × 10 −9 cm 2 s −1 . This value of methanol permeability is lower than all PVA‐based membranes reported in this review, as well as Nafion membranes reported in recent published literature 90 . Homogeneous distribution of sPVA and nTiO 2 (as shown in Figure 3C) clusters resulted in suppressed methanol transport (Figure 5).…”

Section: Pva‐based Membranes For Fuel Cellsmentioning

confidence: 45%

“…Migration of methanol from the anode side to the cathode side in DMFC gives rise to mixed potential at the cathode side that leads to reduction in the fuel cell performance and cell polarization. Methanol transport through PEM during DMFC operation mainly occurs by electro‐osmotic drag, convection and diffusion due to hydrated hydronium ions, pressure gradient across the membrane and methanol concentration gradient across the membrane respectively 90 . PVA has more affinity for molecules of water than methanol, due to the formation of strong inter‐ and intra‐molecular hydrogen bonding.…”

Section: Pva‐based Membranes For Fuel Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Poly(vinyl alcohol)‐based membranes for fuel cell and water treatment applications: A review on recent advancements

Choudhury

Gohil

Dutta

2021

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Clean water and energy are two of the most important requirements for human survival. Membrane‐based filtration represents one of the advanced technologies involved in water decontamination; while, polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are among the frontrunners in the alternative and renewable energy domain. It is evident that membrane‐based processes provide sustainable solution to the ever‐increasing demand of energy and clean water. Over the years, it has been realized that synthetic poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) is one of the potential candidates for the development of membranes, owing to its hydrophilicity, barrier property, film forming ability, crosslinking ability, biodegradability, and low cost. These properties have been widely explored for the fabrication of polymer electrolyte membranes for PEMFCs, in order to improve the ionic conductivity and methanol barrier property, as well as, to reduce the membrane fabrication cost. On the other hand, high water solubility and film forming characteristics of PVA have been used for the formation of water treatment membranes, for enhancing the antifouling property and chemical stability. This review provides in‐depth discussions and analyses on the structure and properties of various PVA‐based copolymers, and their applications as membrane materials for PEMFCs (including direct methanol and alkaline fuel cells) and water remediation.

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Section: Pva‐based Membranes For Fuel Cellsmentioning

confidence: 45%

Section: Pva‐based Membranes For Fuel Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poly(vinyl alcohol)‐based membranes for fuel cell and water treatment applications: A review on recent advancements

Choudhury

Gohil

Dutta

2021

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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“…Immense consumption of unsustainable and non-renewable fossil fuels for a variety of purposes, including transportation, generation, and conversion, has greatly reduced the availability of existing energy resources such as petroleum, coal, or natural gas [ 1 ]. The usage of fossil fuels also contributes to environmental degradation due to the high amount of greenhouse gas emissions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The proton conductivity of the Nafion membrane can approach 0.1 s/cm when fully hydrated and at room temperature [ 15 ]. As for the PTFE backbone, it consists of high electronegativity small-sized fluoride atoms connected by a strong C-F bond, which contributes to the suitable mechanical properties of Nafion in a water-swollen state and its chemical stability [ 1 , 16 ]. As a result, Nafion may function in a fuel cell for more than 60,000 h, providing an outstanding lifespan for Nafion [ 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given the vital significance of PEM in DMFC, discovering and developing suitable PEMs is a critical aspect of DMFC commercialization. To date, numerous review articles [ 1 , 13 , 18 , 19 ] have been published that outline the various types of membranes developed for use in PEMFCs. However, discussions of developing PEM, particularly for DMFC, have not been widely published thus far.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A State-of-Art on the Development of Nafion-Based Membrane for Performance Improvement in Direct Methanol Fuel Cells

Thiam

Pang

et al. 2022

Membranes

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Nafion, a perfluorosulfonic acid proton exchange membrane (PEM), has been widely used in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) to serve as a proton carrier, methanol barrier, and separator for the anode and cathode. A significant drawback of Nafion in DMFC applications is the high anode-to-cathode methanol fuel permeability that results in over 40% fuel waste. Therefore, the development of a new membrane with lower permeability while retaining the high proton conductivity and other inherent properties of Nafion is greatly desired. In light of these considerations, this paper discusses the research findings on developing Nafion-based membranes for DMFC. Several aspects of the DMFC membrane are also presented, including functional requirements, transport mechanisms, and preparation strategies. More importantly, the effect of the various modification approaches on the performance of the Nafion membrane is highlighted. These include the incorporation of inorganic fillers, carbon nanomaterials, ionic liquids, polymers, or other techniques. The feasibility of these membranes for DMFC applications is discussed critically in terms of transport phenomena-related characteristics such as proton conductivity and methanol permeability. Moreover, the current challenges and future prospects of Nafion-based membranes for DMFC are presented. This paper will serve as a resource for the DMFC research community, with the goal of improving the cost-effectiveness and performance of DMFC membranes.

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Application of AgPt Nanoshells in Direct Methanol Fuel Cells: Experimental and Theoretical Insights of Design Electrocatalysts over Methanol Crossover Effect

et al. 2022

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Based on theoretical simulations, the best design for obtaining AgPt nanostructures (nanoshells with hollow interior) was unraveled that could exhibit methanol tolerance for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) that occurs during direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) operation. A theoretical investigation of Pt@Ag and Ag@Pt core-shell nanoparticles and AgPt nanoshells' interaction with oxygen and methanol revealed that the oxygen interaction is significantly more favorable on AgPt nanoshells' surface, hindering the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) due to the random arrangement of Ag and Pt atoms. Experimentally, the nanoshells were prepared by a galvanic substitution and immobilized them onto silica, and the material was finely understood by associating electrochemical and physicochemical studies. Cyclic voltammetry showed the reduction and oxidation processes of the catalyst's species; however, XPS precisely showed that significant amounts of oxidized species were present (60.5 % of Ag 0 and 39.5 % of Ag + , and 55.1 % of Pt 0 and 44.9 % of Pt + 2 ), which could affect the performance of the material. Indeed, the catalyst showed an excellent performance to ORR; the system yielded a 4-electron ORR mechanism with just 1.0 wt.% Pt loading, with significant stability after 1000 runs. In addition, Koutecky-Levich and Tafel plots assisted in understanding better the mechanism on the catalyst's surface, suggesting a first-electron transfer for the rate-determining step. Also, the catalyst resistance to the methanol crossover, theoretically simulated and predicted, was tested, showing remarkable tolerance for the alcohol up to a concentration of 2 M. Hence, a cathode catalyst with improved selectivity, low metal loading, high stability, and easy preparation was obtained.

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Overcoming undesired fuel crossover: Goals of methanol-resistant modification of polymer electrolyte membranes

Cited by 44 publications

References 228 publications

Poly(vinyl alcohol)‐based membranes for fuel cell and water treatment applications: A review on recent advancements

Poly(vinyl alcohol)‐based membranes for fuel cell and water treatment applications: A review on recent advancements

A State-of-Art on the Development of Nafion-Based Membrane for Performance Improvement in Direct Methanol Fuel Cells

Application of AgPt Nanoshells in Direct Methanol Fuel Cells: Experimental and Theoretical Insights of Design Electrocatalysts over Methanol Crossover Effect

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