Overinclusion, broad scanning, and picture recognition in schizophrenics

Abstract

Difficulty of picture and word recognition was manipulated to test the hypothesis that schizophrenics have adequate recognition memories and to determine whether overinclusion is related to a good visual recognition memory. Good and poor premorbid, acute and chronic schizophrenics were compared to nonpsychotic psychiatric patients and to hospital aides. Both Payne's Object Classification Test and Goldstein-Scheerer's Object Sorting Test were given to all the patients, but only the former differentiated among the diagnostic subgroups and was related to good picture memory. When the measures of overinclusion, chronicity, premorbidity and intelligence were used as independent variables in a multiple regression, only Payne NonA predicted success on the picture task. Good premorbid schizophrenics recognized pictures as well as normals and nonpsychotics, but poor premorbids' picture memory was significantly worse. No experimental variable predicted word performance in a multiple regression, and good premorbids did not differ from poor premorbids on their word recognition. The authors favored the interpretation that the pattern of performance of overinclusive schizophrenics reflects their tendency to scan broadly both important and unimportant features of stimuli.

Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure – copy and immediate recall: Normative data for the Latin American Spanish speaking adult population

“…Concerns have risen about the validity of using such norms when applied to other ethnic and cultural backgrounds (Knight et al, 1997;Lezak, 1995). To date, only limited normative data have been generated on the ROCF in Spanish or in Latin America, with samples limited to Colombia and Spain.…”

Logical and nonlogical classification systems: A look at the underlying complexity of overinclusion in schizophrenics

“…morbidity (Claridge, 1967 ;Knight, Sims-Knight, & Petchers-Cassell, 1977 ;Payne, 1968). Second, acutes have been found more overinclusive than chronics (Laberteaux, 1970;Payne, 1962;but not Foulds, Hope, McPherson, & hlayo, 1967).…”

“…Second, acutes have been found more overinclusive than chronics (Laberteaux, 1970;Payne, 1962;but not Foulds, Hope, McPherson, & hlayo, 1967). Third, overinclusion has been found t o be related positively t o performance on memory tasks (Bauman & Murray, 1968; Knight, Sherer, & Shapiro, 1977 ;Knight, Sims-Knight, & Petchers-Cassell, 1977).…”

“…If different dimensions of overinclusion emerge, these would allow a more detailed examination of the nature of the relation between overinclusion and picture recognition memory. Knight, Sims-Knight, and Petchers-Cassell (1977) hypothesized that while overinclusives, like other schizophrenics, may have difficulty in detecting important features of stimuli and organizing them semantically into an efficient memory (Depue & Fowles, 1974;Koh, Kayton, & Berry, 1973), they have a compensatory ability that facilitates picture recognition. Tversky (1973) demonstrated that logical organization of items in a list was central to efficient recall, but not to recognition and that the latter was facilitated by different, as yet unspecified, strategies.…”

“…After S had viewed the acquisition set, h' presented 72 sets of four pictures and instructed S t o point out which picture in each set he had seen before. The details of this procedure have been described cllsewhere (Knight, Sims-Knight, & Petchers-Cassell, 1977).…”