Overt and occult hepatitis B among immigrants and native blood donors in Madrid, Spain

González, R. N.; Barea, Luisa; Arruga, Ana; Richart, Alberto; Soriano, Vincent

doi:10.1177/2049936120982122

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The prevalence and diversity of HBV are disproportionately affected by immigration when compared with other bloodborne viruses such as HIV and HCV. A recent large study showed that the frequency of HBV infection in immigrants in parts of Europe is three times greater than for HIV and four times greater than for HCV ( González et al. 2020 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contemporary and historical human migration patterns shape hepatitis B virus diversity

Potter,

Thijssen,

Trovão

et al. 2024

Virus Evolution

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Infection by hepatitis B virus (HBV) is responsible for approximately 296 million chronic cases of hepatitis B, and roughly 880,000 deaths annually. The global burden of HBV is distributed unevenly, largely owing to the heterogeneous geographic distribution of its subtypes, each of which demonstrates different severity and responsiveness to antiviral therapy. It is therefore crucial to the global public health response to HBV that the spatiotemporal spread of each genotype is well characterized. In this study, we describe a collection of 133 newly-sequenced HBV strains from recent African immigrants upon their arrival in Belgium. We incorporate these sequences – all of which we determine to come from genotypes A, D, and E – into a large-scale phylogeographic study with genomes sampled across the globe. We focus on investigating the spatio-temporal processes shaping the evolutionary history of the three genotypes we observe. We incorporate several recently published ancient HBV genomes for genotypes A and D to aid our analysis. We show that different spatio-temporal processes underlie the A, D and E genotypes with the former two having originated in southeastern Asia, after which they spread across the world. The HBV E genotype is estimated to have originated in Africa, after which it spread to Europe and the Americas. Our results highlight the use of phylogeographic reconstruction as a tool to understand the recent spatiotemporal dynamics of HBV, and highlight the importance of supporting vulnerable populations in accordance with the needs presented by specific HBV genotypes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contemporary and historical human migration patterns shape hepatitis B virus diversity

Potter,

Thijssen,

Trovão

et al. 2024

Virus Evolution

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“…Moreover, previous research has demonstrated that OBI is more prevalent in groups with high rates of HBV infection, such as immigrants from endemic nations (16). Another important factor is that both those who have recovered from HBV infection and those who have never been exposed to the virus are capable of developing OBI (5).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occult Hepatitis B Infection among Blood Donors in Northwestern Greece

LEONTARI,

MOUSAVERE,

FOUSEKIS

et al. 2024

Maedica

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Background: Occult hepatitis B virus infection (OBI) is characterized by the presence of HBV DNA in individuals who test negative for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). It poses diagnostic challenges and contributes to chronic liver diseases. Understanding its epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinical outcomes remains essential. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and characteristics of OBI in Northwestern Greece.Methods: Serum samples were prospectively collected from 702 blood donors at the University Hospital of Ioannina, Greece, between February 2018 and September 2022. The investigation focused on the presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) markers, utilizing the Abbott Architect HBsAg and HBcAb HB Qualitative II kit for the detection of HBsAg and anti-HBc, respectively. Further analysis was conducted on serum samples from individuals who tested negative for HBsAg but positive for anti-HBc, employing polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect HBV-DNA. In instances of OBI, sequencing and mutation analysis of the HBV pre-S/S gene were carried out for comprehensive characterization.Results: Screening revealed 56 cases (7.9%) with active HBV infection (HBsAg positive) and identified 144 cases (20.5%) indicative of past HBV infection (HBsAg negative, anti-HBc positive). Additionally, a prevalence of 5.4% (38/702) of OBI was detected. Among these, 36 cases exhibited a low HBV DNA load of less than 225 IU/mL. Notably, one OBI patient was co-infected with HIV. Furthermore, two cases of OBI with high HBV-DNA levels exceeding 200,000 IU/ml were detected. Sequencing analysis unveiled S-and pre-S mutations in four cases of OBI, including both instances with elevated HBV-DNA levels. Conclusion:In a region with a high proportion of immigrants from countries where HBV is endemic, a high prevalence of HBV infection and occult HBV infection (OBI) has been detected. Furthermore, mutations in the S gene were found to be associated with cases of OBI with high levels of HBV-DNA. However, additional research is needed to validate the results and understand the clinical relevance of specific OBI mutations for disease progression and treatment efficacy.

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“…A study in Spain in seronegative participants deduced that 0.003% of blood donors were found with OBI, the majority being immigrants. 39 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A study in Spain in seronegative participants deduced that 0.003% of blood donors were found with OBI, the majority being immigrants. 39 In most African settings and HIV clinics, testing for HBV or HCV is not done. It is also not part of the recommendations of most country guidelines.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of occult hepatitis B among HIV-positive individuals in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2022

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The prevalence of hepatitis B virus among HIV-seropositive individuals is believed to be high, and yet the disease remains neglected in many areas of the continent. Little is known about occult hepatitis in HIV individuals. This review assessed occult hepatitis B infection and its prevalence in the different regions of the African continent. It also determines its prevalence in the HIV population which is endemic in the region. Studies were searched from the Cochrane, google scholar, PubMed/Medline, and African Journals online. Authors included cross-sectional studies, case controls, and cohorts, from 2010 to January 2021, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and Participants, Interventions, Comparisons, Outcomes, and Study design frameworks to develop the search strategy. All studies had participants who were HIV-positive, covering different regions of the continent. Risk ratio was used to measure effect size, and Stata 14 software was used for analysis. Eleven studies met the eligibility criteria, with 2567 participants. Overall prevalence of occult hepatitis B was 11.2%. Regional prevalence was 26.5% for the south, 11% for the north, 9.1% for the east, and 8.5% for the western region. Approximately 10% of HIV-seropositive individuals were co-infected with occult hepatitis B virus. Regionally, the prevalence was highest in the southern region and lowest in the west. The prevalence of occult HBV infection was compared between the southern region and the other regions. It was higher in the south compared to the east (risk ratio = 0.87, 95% confidence interval (0.83–0.91)). It was also higher in the south compared to the north (risk ratio = 0.82, 95% confidence interval (0.79–0.85)), and it was also higher in the south compared to the west (risk ratio = 0.85, 95% confidence interval (0.82–0.87)). Public health measures and interventions are required to raise awareness, increase prevention, and reduce spread of the disease. More evidence-based studies need to be carried out.

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Overt and occult hepatitis B among immigrants and native blood donors in Madrid, Spain

Cited by 6 publications

References 11 publications

Contemporary and historical human migration patterns shape hepatitis B virus diversity

Contemporary and historical human migration patterns shape hepatitis B virus diversity

Occult Hepatitis B Infection among Blood Donors in Northwestern Greece

Prevalence of occult hepatitis B among HIV-positive individuals in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis

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