Overt and occult hepatitis B virus infection among community children in Northwest China

Su, Huafang; Shao, Zhongjun; Pu, Zhongshu; Wang, Yang; Zhang, Lei; Weilu, Zhang; Wang, Bo; Wang, Anhui; Ji, Zhenyu; Yan, Yongping; Zhang, Yuhai

doi:10.1111/jvh.12709

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Interestingly we did not find any occult hepatitis B in the children enrolled in our study. In a recent study conducted in China, a low rate of occult hepatitis B (1.26%) was observed in 1.192 community children [28]. Our study has some limitations: first the parents were not surveyed on the history of hepatitis B in the family.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection amongst children in Senegal: current prevalence and seroprotection level

Lô¹,

Sow-Sall²,

Diop-Ndiaye³

et al. 2019

Pan Afr Med J

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Introduction Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is highly endemic in Senegal. HBV vaccine of all children has been introduced in 1999 and included in the Expanded Programme on Immunization in 2004. The aim of this study was to assess the HBV prevalence and immunity status against HBV amongst children in Senegal. Methods Between March and August 2016, consecutive children aged from 6 months to 16 years old were recruited in outpatient department of three main children hospitals in Senegal. Serum samples were analyzed for HBV serology (HBsAg, HBcAb, HBsAb) using ARCHITECT analyzer. Children with HBsAb levels ≥ 10 IU/l) were considered as seroprotected against HBV. Results During the study period, 295 children fulfilled the criteria for the study and were further analyzed. Three children were HBsAg positive giving a seroprevalence at 1.1% (95% CI: 0.2-3.3), 12/267 (4.5%, 95% CI=2.3-7.7) had positive HBcAb and 226/295 (76.6%, 71.4-81.3) had positive HBsAb including 191 (77.3%, 71.6-82.4) with isolated HBsAb related to previous active immunization. However only 165 children (56%, CI 50-62) had seroprotective HBsAb levels (HBsAb ≥ 10 UI/L) and 63 (21.4, 16.8-26) had a strong seroprotectiondefined by HBsAb ≥ 100 IU/L. Conclusion Our results suggest that although HBV prevalence has significantly decreased in children in Senegal following a better HBV vaccine coverage, the number of children correctly seroprotected is insufficient (56%). Assessing the levels of HBsAb and providing HBV vaccine boosters should be considered in children in Senegal.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection amongst children in Senegal: current prevalence and seroprotection level

Lô¹,

Sow-Sall²,

Diop-Ndiaye³

et al. 2019

Pan Afr Med J

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“…A person with occult hepatitis B infection (OBI) has a risk of reactivation during immunosuppression and due to lack of detectable HBsAg there is an ongoing risk of transmission to others [ 4 ]. Globally, OBI is ≥8% prevalence in endemic regions and is high in populations at high risk of infection including the HIV infected or people who inject drugs [ 5 ]. A majority of people are unaware of their HBV infection, and often present with advanced disease [ 13 ], as noted in Nigeria where 5.4% of the donors had anti-HBcIg M as the only serological evidence of HBV infection [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occult hepatitis B virus infections and risk factors among school-going adolescent voluntary blood donors in Kwale County Kenya, January 2020–June 2021: Cross sectional study

Wahome

Kiende²,

Nakazea³

et al. 2022

PLoS ONE

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Background Occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections remain a safety concern worldwide. The prevalence in Kenya ranges from 2.6% to 4.4% among secondary school-going voluntary blood donors. This study estimated the prevalence of occult HBV infections among school-going voluntary blood donors through donations made to Kwale Satellite Blood Transfusion Center (KSBTC). Methods This was a retrospective cross-sectional study on data collected by the KSBTC between January 2020 and June 2021 among secondary school-going voluntary blood donors. Data were collected in MS Excel 2013 and analyzed in Epi Info 7. Descriptive statistics were calculated and we compared donors with positive Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) to those with negative HBsAg. Crude Prevalence Odds Ratios (cPOR) at 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to identify factors associated with positive HBsAg. Results A total of 613 records were analyzed. The mean age of the donors was 19.1 years (± 1.8 years), there were 457 males (74.5%), 502 individuals were in the age group 18–25 years (82.3%), and the mean hemoglobin level was 14.1 g/dl (±1.6 g/dl). First-time blood donors made up 84.8% of all donors (513/605) and the mean inter-donation period was 20 months (±5.8 months) for repeat donors. The sero-positivity for HBsAg was 8.8% (54/613). Age category 16–17 years with positive HBsAg were 10.2% (11/108), femaleswere10.9% (17/156), and first-time donors were 9.4% (48/513). On bivariate analyses, first-time blood donors were 1.5 times more likely to test positive for HBsAg compared to repeat donors (cPOR = 1.5, 95% CI 0.61–3.57). Females were 1.4 times more likely to test positive for HBsAg compared to male donors (cPOR = 1.4, 95% CI 0.76–2.54). Conclusions The majority of the voluntary blood donors were males and the majority of occult HBV infections came in the first-time blood donor group. We recommend increasing targeted recruitment of repeat donors by encouraging healthy first-timer donors to be regular donors, and suggest this population should be vaccinated against HBV infections.

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“…In China and South East Asia, isolated anti‐HBs were reported in 6.3%–20.3% of immunocompetent blood donors with OBI 2,7–9 . Isolated anti‐HBs OBI has been also reported in immunized neonates born to HBsAg‐positive mothers and children with HBsAg‐positive parents 10–14 . When available, follow‐up of vaccinated children in these studies was relatively limited in time and often showed low and transient HBV DNA levels 11,13 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Anti‐HBc‐nonreactive occult hepatitis B infections with HBV genotypes B and C in vaccinated immunocompetent adults

Deng¹,

Guo²,

Gu³

et al. 2022

Journal of Viral Hepatitis

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Absence of anti‐HBc reactivity with detectable anti‐HBs was observed in blood donors with occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (OBI). The prevalence and mechanisms underlying this uncommon condition were investigated over time in Chinese blood donors with OBI. Isolated anti‐HBs OBI status was identified from 466,911 donors from Dalian, China, and monitored in follow‐up (range: 2.6–84.3 months). HBV vaccination status was documented, and infecting viral strains were characterized. Of 451 confirmed OBIs (1:1035), 43 (9.5%; 1:10,858) had isolated anti‐HBs as only serological marker. Isolated anti‐HBs OBIs differed from anti‐HBc‐reactive OBIs by significantly younger age (median 24 years), higher HBV DNA (median: 20 IU/ml) and anti‐HBs (median 60.5 IU/L) levels, paucity of mutations in HBV Core and S proteins, and high vaccination rate (72%). Vaccinated isolated anti‐HBs OBIs (n = 31) differed from unvaccinated (n = 11) by significantly younger age (22 vs 38 years), higher anti‐HBs level at index (48% vs 9% with anti‐HBs >100 IU/L) and higher frequency of anti‐HBs immune response (44% vs 20%). Of 15 vaccinated and 5 unvaccinated OBIs follow‐up, 65% (8 vaccinated and 5 unvaccinated) became HBV DNA negative suggesting aborted recent infection, while 35% (7 vaccinated) had low persistent viraemia 2 to 65 months post index. In conclusion, isolated anti‐HBs OBI in Chinese blood donors appears associated with young, vaccinated, adults exposed to HBV who predominantly develop low level aborted infection revealed by transient HBV DNA and immune anti‐HBs response. However, a subset of individuals still experienced low but persistent viral replication whose clinical outcome remains uncertain.

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Overt and occult hepatitis B virus infection among community children in Northwest China

Cited by 11 publications

References 25 publications

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection amongst children in Senegal: current prevalence and seroprotection level

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection amongst children in Senegal: current prevalence and seroprotection level

Occult hepatitis B virus infections and risk factors among school-going adolescent voluntary blood donors in Kwale County Kenya, January 2020–June 2021: Cross sectional study

Anti‐HBc‐nonreactive occult hepatitis B infections with HBV genotypes B and C in vaccinated immunocompetent adults

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