Overuse injuries in equestrian athletes

Pugh, Theresa J.; Bolin, Delmas J.

doi:10.1007/s11932-996-0003-6

Cited by 14 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…As far as we are aware, however, enthesopathies of these attachment sites have not been related to riding in sporting medical studies (e.g. Auvinet, 1980;Pugh & Bolin, 2004). We may suppose that most changes in the entheses of the lower limbs are associated with such common and daily activities as walking, lifting from a seated position and preparation of potter's clay by treading.…”

Section: Loading Of the Individual Attachment Sites Of The Lower Limbsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Enthesopathies and activity patterns in the Early Medieval Great Moravian population: Evidence of division of labour

Havelková¹,

Villotte²,

Velemínský³

et al. 2011

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

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Bone remodelling in the areas of entheses is frequently supposed to be associated with physical stress and the activity patterns of ancient populations. The main aim of this study was to analyse the prevalence of enthesopathies among individuals living in different life conditions. A total of 197 individuals from the Early Medieval (9th century) Mikulč ice site were analysed for enthesopathies -117 adult individuals from Mikulč ice castle and 80 individuals from its hinterland. While the inhabitants of the castle were probably ranked among the higher echelons of society, the hinterland was predominantly inhabited by a farming population. It is hypothesized that individuals from the castle were exposed to lower physical stress than individuals from the hinterland. 9 fibrocartilaginous entheses of the upper and lower limbs were evaluated. Enthesopathies occurred in at least one enthesis in 76% of individuals younger than 50 years of age. Significant differences were observed in the occurrence of enthesopathies between castle and hinterland. Males from the agricultural hinterland show the highest prevalence of enthesopathies of all the population groups, while the lowest prevalence of the marker was recorded in males from the castle. Females in the castle were more affected by entheseal changes than females from the hinterland. Sexual dimorphism was more evident in the hinterland. The present study confirmed presumptions based on the archaeological finds, especially for males. This hypothesis cannot be accepted for females. We may suppose that in the 9th century, women living in Mikulč ice castle did not represent a privileged social class.

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Section: Loading Of the Individual Attachment Sites Of The Lower Limbsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Enthesopathies and activity patterns in the Early Medieval Great Moravian population: Evidence of division of labour

Havelková¹,

Villotte²,

Velemínský³

et al. 2011

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Since health and performance are inversely related to excess body fat (McCleod et al 1983;ACSM 2006), from a clinical or practical perspective, the nonsigniWcant 6.4% lower body fat values and 2.9% increase in FFM observed among the equitation group following training still indicate some promise regarding the potential for using equitation as an adjunct source of physical conditioning when combined with other modes of exercise. Numerous studies have extolled the grueling challenges of working with equine of dissimilar size and power on a daily basis (Lloyd 1987;Meyers et al 1992;Pugh and Bolin 2004;Banks et al 2005;Jagodzinski and Demuri 2005). Following 14-weeks of equitation, however, signiWcant improvements were observed in muscular power, but not in muscular strength.…”

Section: Cardiorespiratory Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Equitation has readily gained acceptance as an enjoyable form of physical activity among women (Watt and Finch 1996;Pugh and Bolin 2004;Jagodzinski and Demuri 2005). Equestrian sports have existed for centuries, and as early as 1860, horseback riding was considered an adequate form of exercise in physical education curriculums (Lewis 1860).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Later, as interest in this physical activity increased, Olympic events were adapted from the training and testing of potential mounts for military service. Today, over 80% of equestrians are women, with over 30 million people in the United States involved in some form of riding annually (American Horse Council 1997;Pugh and Bolin 2004). On many college campuses, horseback riding is often cross-referenced as a physical education course for students in conjunction with existing animal science programs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of equitation training on health and physical fitness of college females

Meyers

2006

Eur J Appl Physiol

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Limited information exists concerning equitation as a viable form of physical activity. The study's purpose was to quantify effects of an equitation training program on health and physical fitness of college females. Following written informed consent, 15 college females enrolled in equitation and 10 controls (age = 23.6 +/- 2.5 years; ht = 165.3 +/- 5.3 cm; wt = 62.4 +/- 3.4 kg) underwent a comprehensive pre- and post-series of tests to assess cardiorespiratory response (Bruce; VO2(peak), HR(peak), VE(peak), RER(peak), MAP(peak), RPP(peak)), body composition (body mass, body fat, fat-free mass), muscular power [Wingate; peak and mean power (MP), total power output, fatigue index (FI)], muscular strength (curl-ups, reverse sit-ups, pushups, handgrip), blood chemistry, and coronary risk. The equitation group trained at various equine gaits for 14 weeks, 5 days/week. Multivariate analyses of variance (Wilks' Lambda) indicated a significant main effect of training across muscular power (F (4,25) = 3.965; P = 0.013), but not across cardiorespiratory response (F (11,18) = 1.472; P = 0.225), body composition (F (3,26) = 1.081; P = 0.375), or muscular strength (F (4,25) = 2.172; P = 0.102). Pre-post improvements in MP (+13.3%; P = 0.01), total work output (+11.8%; P = 0.015), and FI (-10.5%; P = 0.038) were observed. Nonsignificant improvements of 8.5-11.4% were observed in muscular strength and body composition. In conclusion, equitation does not provide an adequate stimulus to improve health and fitness in young adults. Individuals who participate in equitation need to supplement this activity with traditional aerobic and load-bearing training regimens.

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“…반 면, Nicholl, Coleman과 Williams(1991) 한편, 기승자의 균형유지가 강조되는 만큼, 말의 균형은 승마, 마장마술 (Klimke, 1985;Miesner, Putz, & Plewa, 2000) 그리고 점핑 (Powers & Harrison, 2000)을 수행함에 있어 매우 중요하 다 (Kuhnke, Dumbell, Gauly, Johnson, & McDonald, 2010). 말 의 비대칭적인 후족(hindquarters) 움직임은 기수의 운동성능이 더 저하될 수 있는데 (Dyson, Murray, Branch, & Harding, 2003;Stashak, 1995), 레이스(races) 동안 기승자세의 불균형한 체지의 움직임 역시 말에게 치명적인 부상을 유발시킬 뿐만 아니라 (Davies, 1996;Deuel & Lawrence, 1987;Williams & Norris, 2007), 기수의 고삐 긴장으로 어깨부분의 미세한 외상 과 반복성 긴장장애(repetitive strain injury)가 증가된다고 하였 다 (Pugh & Bolin, 2004 1989;Bixby-Hammett, 1992;Campbell-Hewson, Robinson, & Egleston, 1999;Christey, Nelson, Rivara, Smith, & Smith, 1994;Kraft et al, 2009;Kriss, T. C., & Kriss, V. M., 1997;Nelson & Bixby-Hammett, 1992;Quinn & Bird, 1996). …”

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Analysis of the Coordination of the Trunk Tilting Angle and Bilateral Lower Limbs According to the Stirrups Length during Trot in Equestrian: Asymmetric Index Development of Overall Movement Index Algorithm

Hyun¹,

Ryew²

2015

Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics

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Purpose : The purpose of this study was to analyze the coordination of the trunk tilting angle and bilateral lower limbs according to the stirrups length during trot in equestrian.Methods : Participants selected as subject were consisted of adult male(n=7, mean age: 45.00±3.78 yrs, mean height: 172.50±2.44 cm, mean body mass: 76.95±4.40 kg, mean, mean leg length: 97.30±2.60 cm). They were divided into 3-types of stirrups lengths(67 cm, 72 cm, 77 cm) during trot. The variables analyzed were consisted of the trunk front-rear angle, lower limb joint(Right·Left hip, knee, ankle), overall movement index(OMI) of the lower limbs(thigh, shank, foot) and asymmetry index(AI%) during trot.Results : The average angle in hip and knee joint showed more extended posture according to the increase of stirrups lengths and ankle angle showed more plantarflexion posture according to increase of stirrups length during 1 stride in trot. Also, average angle showed more extended posture in right hip and ankle joint than that of left. The angle of knee joint didn't show significant difference statistically between right and left. Also asymmetric index in average angle of hip, knee and ankle joint didn't show significant difference statistically in between lower limbs, but hip joint showed higher asymmetric index in stirrup length of 77 cm and ankle joint showed higher asymmetric index in stirrup length of 67 cm than that of the others respectively. The FR angle in trunk of horse-rider showed relative backward leaning motions at stirrup length of 67 cm and 77 cm than that of stirrup length of 72 cm during stance and swing phase. OMI in thigh, shank, and foot limbs didn't show significant difference statistically according to the stirrups length of right and·left lower limbs, but left lower limbs showed higher index than that of right lower limb. Stirrup length of 72 cm in shank and foot limbs showed higher index than that of stirrup length of 67 cm and 77 cm. But stirrup length of 72 cm showed higher asymmetric index than that of stirrups length of 67 cm and 77 cm.Conclusions : When considering the above, 72 cm(ratio of lower limb 74.04%) stirrup lengths could be useful in posture correction and stabilization than 67cm(ratio of lower limb 68.69%) and 77 cm(ratio of lower limb 79.18%) stirrup lengths during trot in horse back riding.

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Overuse injuries in equestrian athletes

Cited by 14 publications

References 16 publications

Enthesopathies and activity patterns in the Early Medieval Great Moravian population: Evidence of division of labour

Enthesopathies and activity patterns in the Early Medieval Great Moravian population: Evidence of division of labour

Effect of equitation training on health and physical fitness of college females

Analysis of the Coordination of the Trunk Tilting Angle and Bilateral Lower Limbs According to the Stirrups Length during Trot in Equestrian: Asymmetric Index Development of Overall Movement Index Algorithm

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