No abstract

The aim of this study was to analyze the relation between incline angle of whole body and kinematic variables at tripping during gait. The participants consisted of healthy adult female (n=6). The three-dimensional (3D) motion analysis of posture restoring after inducing tripping of right foot at supporting phase of left foot was performed. As a result, supporting time elapsed of one stride and one foot at tripping showed longer than that of normal gait. The length of one stride showed longer at tripping than that of normal gait, and velocity of center of gravity (COG) showed faster at tripping than that of normal gait. Anteriorposterior incline angle of whole body showed more forwarded incline at tripping than that of normal gait. As a result of correlation among variables, one stride and supporting time elapsed showed positive relation r=0.973 (R2=0.947, P<0.001), also r=0.920 (R2=0.846, P<0.001) relative to velocity of COG, r=0.970 (R2=0.941, P<0.001) of 1-stride time elapsed relative to velocity of COG and r=0.833 (R2=0.613, P<0.05) of velocity of COG relative to anteriorposterior incline angle respectively. Therefore instantaneous stoppage of gait posture when tripped at supporting phase of one leg during gait may be impossible and rather may cause a recovery of gait pattern when secured the faster velocity of COG and the longer of supporting time elapsed of one leg.

PCL-PLCS reconstructed patients were reluctant to engage in, or lacked strength for, daily rotational activities. Therefore, we must consider more active and systematic co-contraction exercise of the hamstring and quadriceps and rehabilitation program about rotation that is not adverse to the static stability in PCL-PLCS reconstructed patients for early return to daily activities.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the GRF(ground reaction force) parameters according to the shoes's heel heights and ground landing distances during downward stairs on bus. Participants selected as subject were consisted of young and healthy women(n=9, mean age: 21.30±0.48 yrs, mean height: 164.00±3.05 cm, mean body mass: 55.04±4.41 kg, mean BMI: 20.47±1.76 kg/m2, mean foot length: 238.00±5.37 mm). They were divided into 2-types of shoe's heel heights(0 cm/bare foot, 9 cm) and also were divides into downward stairs with 3 types of landing distance(20 cm, 35 cm, 50 cm). A one force-plate was used to collect the GRF(AMTI, USA) data from the sampling rate of 1000 Hz. The GRF parameters analyzed were consisted of the mediallateral GRF, anterior-posterior GRF, vertical GRF, loading rate, Center of Pressure(ΔCOPx, ΔCOPy, COP area) and Dynamic Postural Stability Index(MLSI, APSI, VSI, DPSI) during downward stairs on bus. Medial-lateral GRF and vertical GRF didn't show significant differences statistically according to the shoe's heel heights and landing distance, but 9 cm shoes heel showed higher vertical GRF than that of 0 cm bare foot in landing distance of 50 cm. Also anterior-posterior GRF didn't show significant difference statistically according to the shoe's heel heights, but landing distance of 20 cm showed higher than that of landing distances of 35 cm and 50 cm in anterior-posterior GRF. Loading rate didn't show significant difference statistically according to the landing distance, but 9 cm shoe's heel showed higher than that of 0 cm bare foot during downward stairs. The ΔCOPy and COP area didn't show significant differences statistically according to the shoe's heel heights and landing distance, but 0 cm bare foot showed higher than that of 9 cm shoe's heel in ΔCOPx. Dynamic Postural Stability Index(MLSI, APSI, VSI, DPSI) didn't show significant differences statistically according to the landing distance, but 9 cm shoe's heel showed decreased value than that of 0 cm bare foot in dynamics balance. Considering the above, parameters of GRF showed different characteristics according to the shoe's heel heights and ground landing distances during downward stairs on bus.

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to analyze the coordination of the trunk tilting angle and bilateral lower limbs according to the stirrups length during trot in equestrian.Methods : Participants selected as subject were consisted of adult male(n=7, mean age: 45.00±3.78 yrs, mean height: 172.50±2.44 cm, mean body mass: 76.95±4.40 kg, mean, mean leg length: 97.30±2.60 cm). They were divided into 3-types of stirrups lengths(67 cm, 72 cm, 77 cm) during trot. The variables analyzed were consisted of the trunk front-rear angle, lower limb joint(Right·Left hip, knee, ankle), overall movement index(OMI) of the lower limbs(thigh, shank, foot) and asymmetry index(AI%) during trot.Results : The average angle in hip and knee joint showed more extended posture according to the increase of stirrups lengths and ankle angle showed more plantarflexion posture according to increase of stirrups length during 1 stride in trot. Also, average angle showed more extended posture in right hip and ankle joint than that of left. The angle of knee joint didn't show significant difference statistically between right and left. Also asymmetric index in average angle of hip, knee and ankle joint didn't show significant difference statistically in between lower limbs, but hip joint showed higher asymmetric index in stirrup length of 77 cm and ankle joint showed higher asymmetric index in stirrup length of 67 cm than that of the others respectively. The FR angle in trunk of horse-rider showed relative backward leaning motions at stirrup length of 67 cm and 77 cm than that of stirrup length of 72 cm during stance and swing phase. OMI in thigh, shank, and foot limbs didn't show significant difference statistically according to the stirrups length of right and·left lower limbs, but left lower limbs showed higher index than that of right lower limb. Stirrup length of 72 cm in shank and foot limbs showed higher index than that of stirrup length of 67 cm and 77 cm. But stirrup length of 72 cm showed higher asymmetric index than that of stirrups length of 67 cm and 77 cm.Conclusions : When considering the above, 72 cm(ratio of lower limb 74.04%) stirrup lengths could be useful in posture correction and stabilization than 67cm(ratio of lower limb 68.69%) and 77 cm(ratio of lower limb 79.18%) stirrup lengths during trot in horse back riding.