Overview: Differentiating Issues in the Development of Macromolecules Compared with Small Molecules

Blaich, Günther; Janssen, Bernd; Roth, Gregory A.; Salfeld, Jochen

doi:10.1002/9780470117118.ch1c

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Therapeutic small molecules (< 1000 Da) have unique advantages over and are an important alternative to growth factors (5, 6) (7). Small molecules are unlikely to induce an immune response in the host because they are too small to do so (8). Unlike polypeptides, higher order structure is not a factor for small molecule function (9).…”

Section: Small Molecules In Regenerative Medicinementioning

confidence: 99%

Small-molecule based musculoskeletal regenerative engineering

Jiang

Gagnon

et al. 2014

Trends in Biotechnology

111

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Clinicians and scientists working in the field of regenerative engineering are actively investigating a wide range of methods to promote musculoskeletal tissue regeneration. Small molecule-mediated tissue regeneration is emerging as a promising strategy for regenerating various musculoskeletal tissues and a large number of small molecule compounds have been recently discovered as potential bioactive molecules for musculoskeletal tissue repair and regeneration. In this review, we summarize the recent literature encompassing the past four years in the area of small bioactive molecule for promoting repair and regeneration of various musculoskeletal tissues including bone, muscle, cartilage, tendon, and nerve.

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Section: Small Molecules In Regenerative Medicinementioning

confidence: 99%

Small-molecule based musculoskeletal regenerative engineering

Jiang

Gagnon

et al. 2014

Trends in Biotechnology

111

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“…39 Small molecules' molecular size is also usually too small to induce unwanted immune responses in the host. 40 Small molecules, extensively used as chemotherapeutic agents for cancer treatment, have although some characteristics that limits their use in clinical applications, including hydrophobicity and nonspecific biodistribution and targeting. To overcome these limitations, the use of a biocompatible platform to localize and sustain the controlled release of small molecules to target sites has been proved to be advantageous.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composite microsphere-functionalized scaffold for the controlled release of small molecules in tissue engineering

et al. 2016

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Current tissue engineering strategies focus on restoring damaged tissue architectures using biologically active scaffolds. The ideal scaffold would mimic the extracellular matrix of any tissue of interest, promoting cell proliferation and de novo extracellular matrix deposition. A plethora of techniques have been evaluated to engineer scaffolds for the controlled and targeted release of bioactive molecules to provide a functional structure for tissue growth and remodeling, as well as enhance recruitment and proliferation of autologous cells within the implant. Recently, novel approaches using small molecules, instead of growth factors, have been exploited to regulate tissue regeneration. The use of small synthetic molecules could be very advantageous because of their stability, tunability, and low cost. Herein, we propose a chitosan–gelatin scaffold functionalized with composite microspheres consisting of mesoporous silicon microparticles and poly(dl-lactic-co-glycolic acid) for the controlled release of sphingosine-1-phospate, a small molecule of interest. We characterized the platform with scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and confocal microscopy. Finally, the biocompatibility of this multiscale system was analyzed by culturing human mesenchymal stem cells onto the scaffold. The presented strategy establishes the basis of a versatile scaffold for the controlled release of small molecules and for culturing mesenchymal stem cells for regenerative medicine applications.

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“…For example, small molecules are unlikely to have any issues with immunogenicity because they are too small in size to stimulate an immune response [26]. Moreover, unlike protein growth factors, the bioactivities of small molecules usually do not require structural integrity [23,27–29].…”

Section: Bone Growth Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Small Molecules in Musculoskeletal Regeneration

Ashe

Kan

et al. 2012

Regen. Med.

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The uses of bone morphogenetic proteins and parathyroid hormone therapeutics are fraught with several fundamental problems, such as cost, protein stability, immunogenicity, contamination and supraphysiological dosage. These downsides may effectively limit their more universal use. Therefore, there is a clear need for alternative forms of biofactors to obviate the drawbacks of protein-based inductive factors for bone repair and regeneration. Our group has studied small molecules with the capacity to regulate osteoblast differentiation and mineralization because their inherent physical properties minimize limitations observed in protein growth factors. For instance, in general, small molecule inducers are usually more stable, highly soluble, nonimmunogenic, more affordable and require lower dosages. Small molecules with the ability to induce osteoblastic differentiation may represent the next generation of bone regenerative medicine. This review describes efforts to develop small molecule-based biofactors for induction, paying specific attention to their novel roles in bone regeneration.

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Overview: Differentiating Issues in the Development of Macromolecules Compared with Small Molecules

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Small-molecule based musculoskeletal regenerative engineering

Small-molecule based musculoskeletal regenerative engineering

Composite microsphere-functionalized scaffold for the controlled release of small molecules in tissue engineering

The Role of Small Molecules in Musculoskeletal Regeneration

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