Overview of azathioprine treatment in multiple sclerosis

Yudkin, Patricia; Ellison, George W.; Ghezzi, Angelo; Goodkin, Donald E.; Hughes, Richard A.; McPherson, Klim; Mertin, J.; Milanese, C.

doi:10.1016/0140-6736(91)91909-e

Cited by 196 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…For the EDSS, there was a trend in favor of azathioprine. In the early 1990s, five previously published randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled trials, including the British-Dutch study, were analyzed in a meta-analysis indicating that azathioprine reduces the relapse rate in MS. 55 Interestingly, the probability of being free of relapses after two years of treatment with azathioprine, as assessed in this meta-analysis, appeared comparable to the efficacy of interferon-␤ or glatiramer acetate, 56 as assessed in the respective pivotal trials.…”

Section: Azathioprinementioning

confidence: 83%

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Immunosuppressive Agents in Multiple Sclerosis

2007

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Summary:Immunosuppressive agents have been used in multiple sclerosis (MS) for decades. The approval of several immunomodulatory agents against MS beginning in the 1990s, whose putative mechanisms of action appeared "more MSspecific," curtailed the importance of immunosuppressants, which made them treatment options of second choice. However, with the recent approval of mitoxantrone for treatment of patients with active forms of relapsing-remitting or secondary progressive MS and with a number of oral immunosuppressive agents being assessed in phase II and III clinical trials, a "renaissance" of this type of agents is currently occurring. This review provides an outline of the most important clinical studies and discusses relevant side effects of the major immunosuppressants (i.e., mitoxantrone, azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, mycophenolate mofetil, cladribine, and sirolimus/temsirolimus). The current knowledge of the putative mechanisms of action of these compounds is discussed.

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Section: Azathioprinementioning

confidence: 83%

“…55 Due to the loss of patent protection of azathioprine, more recent controlled trials have not been performed.…”

Section: Azathioprinementioning

confidence: 99%

Immunosuppressive Agents in Multiple Sclerosis

2007

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“…It concluded that the drug appears to reduce the rate of relapse and that it may slow progression of the disease (25). This effect was most evident in the first few years of treatment.…”

Section: Aurthiop'nementioning

confidence: 85%

The current therapy of multiple sclerosis

Francis

1993

J Clin Pharm Ther

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“…Previous to the availability of immunosuppressive and immunomodulating (IS) treatments, reduced rates of cancer were linked to multiple sclerosis. During the past twenty years there has been a significant increase in the number of IS medications available for the treatment of MS (3,5,6,8,17,18). Several reports over the past two decades have suggested an increase in cancer risk amongst MS patients, potentially related to the immunosuppressive therapies (2,7,(11)(12)(13)(14).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Central nervous system b-cell lymphoma in multiple sclerosis

Lyons

Patel

Birch

et al. 2010

Turkish Neurosurgery

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The differential diagnosis of multiple sclerosis is extensive and it can be challenging to diagnose initially in the absence of pathognomonic clinical features. Furthermore, these patients can also develop other diseases during their course of treatment, which usually lasts for many years. Some conditions, such as primary central nervous system lymphoma, can mimic clinically some of the symptoms prominent in multiple sclerosis. Early treatment with corticosteroids can also dramatically improve patient symptoms in both conditions. We report a case of a man diagnosed with histologically confirmed relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis who subsequently developed histologically confirmed primary central nervous system lymphoma. The course of his disease and treatment are presented and the current literature reviewed.

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Overview of azathioprine treatment in multiple sclerosis

Cited by 196 publications

References 16 publications

Immunosuppressive Agents in Multiple Sclerosis

Immunosuppressive Agents in Multiple Sclerosis

The current therapy of multiple sclerosis

Central nervous system b-cell lymphoma in multiple sclerosis

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