Overview of LTE-NR Dual Connectivity

Yilmaz, Osman N. C.; Teyeb, Oumer; Orsino, Antonino

doi:10.1109/mcom.2019.1800431

Cited by 40 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…In order to meet various demands from global wireless operators, the third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) organization has suggested both nonstand alone (NSA) and stand alone (SA) architectures, where the former one is more preferable in terms of capital expenditure (CAPEX) reduction [2]. With the NSA architecture, a key enabling technology for New Radio (NR) base stations (BSs) to cooperate with the existing Long Term Evolution-Advanced (LTE-A) systems is through dual connectivity (DC) as introduced in [3], and the user equipment (UE) is able to fully utilize the available wireless resources via transmission control protocol (TCP) layer collaboration [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Throughput and Low Complexity Traffic Splitting Mechanism for 5G Non-Stand Alone Dual Connectivity Transmission

Sun

Zhang

et al. 2021

IEEE Access

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Dual connectivity (DC) is a key technology to improve the throughput of the fifth generation communication networks (5G) system. Due to the limitation of the splitting strategy and transmission delay of different transmission nodes, the out-of-order phenomenon of the packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer is bound to occur in the actual DC system. Packet out-of-order in PDCP layer will affect the end-to-end throughput of PDCP layer and there is no effective solution at present. Existing schemes either neglected to consider the transmission rate difference between New Radio (NR) Base Station (BS) and Long Term Evolution-Advanced (LTE-A) BS, or performed unified modeling for queuing dynamics, or did not consider the existence of Xn delay, thus failing to model the out-of-order problem of PDPC layer. In this paper, we modeling PDCP out-of-order into a hierarchical model and continuously reduce the maximum out-of-order depth through recursion. Two traffic splitting mechanisms are proposed based on user equipment (UE) feedback and BS observation. These two low complexity traffic splitting mechanisms both show efficient link resource utilization ratio of more than 90% in static and mobile user scenarios, and are superior to conventional algorithms.INDEX TERMS 5G, dual connectivity, throughput, out-of-order, traffic splitting, low complexity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Throughput and Low Complexity Traffic Splitting Mechanism for 5G Non-Stand Alone Dual Connectivity Transmission

Sun

Zhang

et al. 2021

IEEE Access

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“…The 3GPP has also prescribed dual connectivity to provide non-standalone access for 5G-NR, where the 5G cells are connected to 4G core network [28], [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Super-MAC: Data Duplication and Combining for Reliability Enhancements in Next-Generation Networks

2021

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A piece of user equipment (UE), typically, has access to multiple radio access technologies (RATS). Moreover, apart from the standard primary cellular network, the secondary cellular networks can assist the primary network in downlink UE communications. In this way, the data can reach the UE through multiple entities. This paper exploits the multiple entities' idea by proposing a cross-layer scheme that combines data to improve the block error rate (BLER) and the throughput. For this, we define a new entity, called the super-MAC, just above the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer. More specifically, we propose data duplication (at the transmitter) and combining (at UE) at the super-MAC, where the super-MAC gets the Radio Link Layer protocol data unit (RLC-PDU) and sends multiple-copies across various interfaces to different MAC-entities. In doing so, the super-MAC attaches a unique sequence number to a group of RLC-PDUs together. At the UE, the data from different MAC entities are combined at super-MAC to clear any block error. The super-MAC operates in between the Cyclic Redundancy Check and Forward Error Correction stages of the HARQ process. The additional complexity introduced by the scheme is negligible in front of the existing operations. Moreover, the average latency improves due to the significant improvement in the Block Error rate (BLER) that the combining scheme offers over the BLER of the conventional standalone system. Also, since the errors significantly reduce, the throughput shows significant improvement. Finally, the proposed scheme is an advancement in HARQ to reduce retransmissions, and hence it is suitable for the next-generation networks like B5G or 6G to adopt the super-MAC.

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“…Accordingly, the capacity of wireless channels in mobile communication systems has also been expanded in both the spatial and frequency domains to accommodate the expected exponential growth of traffic [3]. With respect to the expansion of bandwidth, long-term evolution (LTE) in fourth-generation (4G) networks can aggregate up to five component carriers in a licensed spectrum with a single bandwidth of up to 20 MHz [4,5]. For new radio (NR) in fifth-generation (5G) networks, apart from carrier aggregation, larger frequency blocks are available that are 100 MHz wide below the 7 GHz band and up to 400 MHz wide at the high-frequency range of mmWave [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation of platform for long‐term evolution cell perspective resource utilization analysis

2020

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As wireless communication continues to develop in limited frequency resource environments, it is becoming important to identify the state of spectrum utilization and predict the amount needed in future. It is essential to collect reliable information for data analysis. This paper introduces a platform that enables the gathering of the scheduling information of a long-term evolution (LTE) cellular system without connecting to the network. A typical LTE terminal can confirm its assigned resource information using the configuration parameters delivered from a network. However, our platform receives and captures only the LTE signal over the air and then enables the estimation of the data relevant to scheduling for all terminals within an LTE cell.After extracting the control channel signal without loss from all LTE subframes, it detects valid downlink control information using the proposed algorithm, which is based on the error vector magnitude of depatterned symbols. We verify the reliability of the developed platform by comparing it with real data from mobile phones and service operators. The average difference in resource block utilization is only 0.28%.

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Overview of LTE-NR Dual Connectivity

Cited by 40 publications

References 3 publications

High Throughput and Low Complexity Traffic Splitting Mechanism for 5G Non-Stand Alone Dual Connectivity Transmission

High Throughput and Low Complexity Traffic Splitting Mechanism for 5G Non-Stand Alone Dual Connectivity Transmission

Super-MAC: Data Duplication and Combining for Reliability Enhancements in Next-Generation Networks

Implementation of platform for long‐term evolution cell perspective resource utilization analysis

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