“…Rats in the oral group were fasted overnight, and then intragastrically administered pulverized Sifrol ® with the aid of water immediately after each blood sampling at 0, 8,16,24,32,40,48,56,64,72,80,88,96,104,112,120,128,136,144,152, and 160 h. Each dose was equal to 0.10 mg/kg PPX, and 21 doses were administrated in total. Rats in the transdermal group were treated with a PPX patch (0.6 cm 2 , approximately 1.2 mg PPX) at 0 h and removed at 168 h. Two days before patch application, abdominal hair of rats was removed by a razor, and the skin was carefully cleaned with warm water to avoid any adhesion problems caused by residues on the skin.…”