Overview of mixed-mode ion-exchange materials in the extraction of organic compounds

Fontanals, Núria; Borrull, Francesc; Marcé, Rosa María

doi:10.1016/j.aca.2020.03.053

Cited by 31 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…As we are interested in exploiting the selectivity of the sorbent, the SPE protocol was studied to exploit the ion-exchange interactions. Based on previous experience [ 6 , 40 ], the initial protocol consisted of loading the sample at an acidic pH in order to protonate the NH 2 BT, washing with 1 mL of MeOH and elution with 5% of NH 4 OH in MeOH. Nevertheless, this protocol was optimized to further exploit these interactions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, their applications are limited by the template. Another group of selective materials are mixed-mode ion-exchange sorbents, which combine reversed-phase and ionic interactions [ 6 ]. The selectivity of mixed-mode ion-exchange sorbents is achieved thanks to a clean-up step that uses an organic solvent (e.g., methanol) to disrupt the reversed-phase interactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Selective determination of 2-aminobenzothiazole in environmental water and organic extracts from fish and dust samples

Moral,

Borrull,

Furton

et al. 2023

Anal Bioanal Chem

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In the present study, a homemade mixed-mode ion-exchange sorbent based on silica with embedded graphene microparticles is applied for the selective extraction of 2-aminobenzothiazole (NH2BT) followed by determination through liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry. The sorbent was evaluated for the solid-phase extraction of NH2BT from environmental water samples (river, effluent wastewater, and influent wastewater), and NH2BT was strongly retained through the selective cation-exchange interactions. Therefore, the inclusion of a clean-up step of 7 mL of methanol provided good selectivity for the extraction of NH2BT. The apparent recoveries obtained for environmental water samples ranged from 62 to 69% and the matrix effect from −1 to −14%. The sorbent was also evaluated in the clean-up step of the organic extract for the extraction of NH2BT from organic extracts of indoor dust samples (10 mL of ethyl acetate from pressurized liquid extraction) and fish (10 mL of acetonitrile from QuEChERS extraction). The organic extracts were acidified (adding a 0.1% of formic acid) to promote the cation-exchange interactions between the sorbent and the analyte. The apparent recoveries for fish samples ranged from 22 to 36% depending on the species. In the case of indoor dust samples, the recovery was 41%. It should be highlighted the low matrix effect encountered in such complex samples, with values ranging from −7 to 5% for fish and dust samples. Finally, various samples were analyzed. The concentration in river samples ranged from 31 to 136 ng/L; in effluent wastewater samples, from 55 to 191 ng/L; in influent wastewater samples, from 131 to 549 ng/L; in fish samples, from 14 to 57 ng/g dried weight; and in indoor dust samples, from <MQL to 114 ng/g.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective determination of 2-aminobenzothiazole in environmental water and organic extracts from fish and dust samples

Moral,

Borrull,

Furton

et al. 2023

Anal Bioanal Chem

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“…Mixed-mode sorbents consist of an alkyl group with a strong cationexchange group, (C18 or C8 with benzenesulfonic acid, in particular). The silica-based C18/strong cation exchanged with propylsulfonic acid and benzenesulfonic acid is the most used [123]. Mixed-mode sorbents load on blades, as a multi-well plate format to achieve a high throughput samples analysis, along with reducing the solvent usage, decreasing the cost, and shortening the analysis time [33].…”

Section: Classic Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel solid‐phase microextraction fiber coatings: A review

Peng

Huang

et al. 2021

J of Separation Science

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The materials used for the fabrication of solid-phase microextraction fiber coatings in the past five years are summarized in the current review, including carbon, metal-organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks, aerogel, polymer, ionic liquids/poly (ionic liquids), metal oxides, and natural materials. The preparation approaches of different coatings, such as sol-gel technique, in-situ growth, electrodeposition, and glue methods, are briefly reviewed together with the evolution of the supporting substrates. In addition, the limitations of the current coatings and the future development directions of solid-phase microextraction are presented.

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“…CPA is an indole tetramic and lipophilic monobasic acid with a pKa of 2.97 and a log p value of 3.83 [22], and it can interact with a mixed-mode sorbent through reversed-phase (RP)/ion-exchange (IE) interactions. The combination of RP and IE interaction mechanisms enables the selective extraction of target species and the elimination of matrix interference by altering the charge state of analytes and sorbents [23,24]. In recent years, some commercial silica-or polymer-based mixed-mode sorbents, such as Strata-X-A [25], Oasis WCX [26,27], and Bond Elut Certify II [28], have been used for the extraction of ionic compounds, exhibiting great performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One-Pot Preparation of Mixed-Mode Reversed-Phase Anion-Exchange Silica Sorbent and its Application in the Detection of Cyclopiazonic Acid in Feeds and Agricultural Products

Hu,

Liu,

Peng

et al. 2024

Foods

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A novel co-bonded octyl and pyridine silica (OPS) sorbent was prepared and applied for the solid phase extraction (SPE) of cyclopiazonic acid (CPA, a type of mycotoxin) in feed and agricultural products for the first time. A simple mixed-ligand one-pot reaction strategy was employed for OPS sorbent preparation. Nitrogen adsorption–desorption measurements, elemental analysis (EI), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis demonstrated the successful immobilization of octyl and quaternary ammonium groups onto the surface of silica gel. The large specific surface area, high-density functional groups, and mixed-mode anion-exchange characteristics of these silica particles made them the ideal material for the efficient extraction of CPA. Additionally, the OPS sorbents displayed excellent batch-to-batch reproducibility, satisfactory reusability, and low cost. The SPE parameters were optimized to explore the ionic and hydrophobic interactions between CPA and the functional groups, and the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) parameters were optimized to obtain a desirable extraction efficiency and high sensitivity to CPA. Meanwhile, the OPS sorbent presented a satisfactory extraction selectivity and low matrix effect. Under the optimized conditions, our developed CPA detection method was used to determine CPA level in rice, wheat flour, corn flour, peanut, and feed samples, exhibiting a lower detection limit, better linearity, higher sensitivity, and satisfactory extraction recovery rate than previously reported methods. Therefore, our method can be preferentially used as a method for the detection of CPA in agricultural products and feeds.

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Overview of mixed-mode ion-exchange materials in the extraction of organic compounds

Cited by 31 publications

References 114 publications

Selective determination of 2-aminobenzothiazole in environmental water and organic extracts from fish and dust samples

Selective determination of 2-aminobenzothiazole in environmental water and organic extracts from fish and dust samples

Novel solid‐phase microextraction fiber coatings: A review

One-Pot Preparation of Mixed-Mode Reversed-Phase Anion-Exchange Silica Sorbent and its Application in the Detection of Cyclopiazonic Acid in Feeds and Agricultural Products

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