Overview of Oral Cancer

Ogbureke, Kalu U.E.; Bingham, C. Raymond

doi:10.5772/30520

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…This is comparable to a projected total of 35,540 new oral cavity and pharynx cases and 1,529,560 total new cancer cases (approximately 2.3%) in the United States in 2010 (17). Oral cavity and pharynx related deaths in the United States were predicted to be approximately 1.4% of all cancer related deaths in 2010 (17), with SCC arising from oral mucosal lining accounting for over 90% of tumors (18)(19)(20).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Synchronous and metachronous head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in western Australia—a single center experience

Ha¹,

Parham²,

Baerg³

et al. 2019

Aust J Otolaryngol

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Background: Despite advances in multimodality treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), survival outcomes have improved minimally. This may be attributable to the increased risk of secondary primary malignancies. We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients treated at Fremantle Hospital, Western Australia with HNSCC to investigate the incidence of second primary malignancy (SPM), the epidemiological risk factors and survival outcome. Methods: We analyzed 790 patients from our departmental head and neck oncology database with the diagnosis of synchronous and/or metachronous HNSCCs between 1993 and 2011. We analyzed for an association between the risk factors and survival outcomes using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences for statistical analysis. Results: The commonest HNSCC was lip and oral cavity (37.8%), followed by oropharynx (28.1%) and larynx (26.5%). Of the 790 patients, 55.9% were smokers, 36.8% had a smoking history of over 50 pack-years, and 41.1% had a history of alcohol use. Primary treatment included surgery, surgery/ radiotherapy, chemotherapy, surgery/chemotherapy, surgery/chemo-radiotherapy, radiotherapy, chemoradiotherapy, and palliative, or no treatment. Synchronous tumour occurred in 29 patients (3.7%). Eighteen patients (2.3%) had metachronous tumour: median follow-up period was 25 months; 178 patients (22.5%) were dead at the end of follow-up. Conclusions: While this study found a lower rate of secondary primary malignancies in patients with HNSCCs than other studies, there was a clear association between patients with significant smoking histories and the development of HNSCCs. Progression to synchronous or metachronous malignancy was associated with a poorer overall survival rate.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Synchronous and metachronous head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in western Australia—a single center experience

Ha¹,

Parham²,

Baerg³

et al. 2019

Aust J Otolaryngol

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“…Previous studies have used serum level of Vitamin D as a useful biomarker and predictor for Cancer. Other studies reported in the literature have shown that OSCC has a receptor for Vitamin D known as the VDR (Vitamin D receptor) [ 6 , 7 , 8 & 9 ]. Osafi et al in an in vitro study suggested activation of two apoptotic pathways (caspase and bcl:bax) by Vitamin D as responsible for its anti-OSCC effects [ 8 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary vitamin D levels among OSCC and normal Indian patients

Sagar¹

2022

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Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma comprises nearly 90% of all Oral cancers. Recent studies on Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma are done with a focus on identification of factors that affect the outcome of treatment, one of which is vitamin D levels. The aim of this study was to evaluate vitamin D3 levels in patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Normal Population with saliva as a biomarker. The study sample comprised of 40 subjects, of whom 20 were patients diagnosed with OSCC and 20 healthy subjects. The salivary samples obtained were assessed using Vitamin D3 ELISA kit. The mean salivary Vitamin D3 levels were 39.09 ng/dl among OSCC patients and 44.49 ng/dl among healthy subjects. Salivary Vitamin D levels in OSCC patients were found to be significantly less compared to the healthy controls. More than 90% of cancers of the oral cavity are Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC). Recent studies are done with a focus on identification of factors affecting the treatment of cancer, one of which is vitamin D levels. The aim of the study was to evaluate salivary vitamin D3 levels in patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and in Normal Population. 40 patients were selected for the study. Salivary samples collected were assessed using Vitamin D3 ELISA Kit-EDI Total 25-OH Vitamin D EIA Kit to detect the salivary vitamin D levels. Mean Salivary Vitamin D3 levels were found to be 39.09 ng/dl in OSCC patients and 44.49 ng/dl in healthy subjects. A salivary Vitamin D level in OSCC patients was found to be significantly less compared to the healthy controls. Decreased Vitamin D3 levels in patients with OSCC indicate that Vitamin D3 deficiency increases the rate of cell proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis & metastasis in patients with OSCC. Vitamin D level is likely to reduce the severity of the disease and hence Vitamin D supplementation for OSCC patients in the early stages of treatment and after treatment can be done to enhance the prognosis.

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“…Tobacco cigarettes contain benzopyrene and nitrosamines, which are carcinogenic and result in DNA mutations when exposed to human cells. 13,15,16 Oral cancer, also known as oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), is a malignant tumour that develops on the lips and oral cavity. OSCC cancers, which target the epithelial cells of the oral cavity and oropharynx, contribute to 90% of all oral cancers.…”

Section: Oral Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise as a method to reduce the risk of oral cancer: A narrative review

et al. 2022

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Background: Cancer is a major cause of death worldwide. One of the most common forms of cancer is oral cancer, which can occur due to exposure to carcinogenic factors, such as tobacco cigarettes, alcohol, betel-nut chewing, ultraviolet rays or human papillomavirus infection. Physical exercise is known to have many benefits and can contribute to reducing the risk of cancer, minimising the side-effects of treatment and increasing the curative effect of cancer treatment. Purpose: This study aimed to explain the role of exercise as a method to reduce oral cancer risk. Reviews: Studies examining the impact of exercise on reducing oral cancer risk are currently limited due to a lack of research on this subject. However, according to several laboratory experimental research studies on Mus musculus test subjects, moderate-intensity exercise contributes to suppressing the proliferation and development of oral squamous epithelial cells, which can subsequently become cancer cells. Exercise can also increase intracellular proteins that can induce apoptosis in cells (e.g. wild protein p53, the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, and caspase-3), and can also decrease p53 mutant expression and transformed cells that can trigger cancer. Exercise must be optimally performed to prevent or control cancer symptoms, although the exact duration and intensity of exercise required to reduce cancer risk in humans have not been established. Conclusion: Exercise plays a role in reducing oral cancer risk by inducing apoptosis and preventing the development of transformed cells that can lead to developing cancer.

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Overview of Oral Cancer

Cited by 9 publications

References 85 publications

Synchronous and metachronous head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in western Australia—a single center experience

Synchronous and metachronous head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in western Australia—a single center experience

Salivary vitamin D levels among OSCC and normal Indian patients

Exercise as a method to reduce the risk of oral cancer: A narrative review

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