Overview of the epidemiology, microbiology, and pathogenesis of Leptospira spp. in humans

Plank, Rebeca M.; Dean, Deborah

doi:10.1016/s1286-4579(00)01280-6

Cited by 259 publications

(222 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…Therefore, voided human urine and acidic animal urine should be processed immediately by centrifugation and the sediment resuspended with phosphatebuffered saline afterward to neutralize the pH [4,1]. The culture of leptospires from urine may be poorly sensitive due to the intermittent shedding of bacteria in both human and animal cases, problems with contamination and the acidic urine environment [25].…”

Section: Culturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Evaluation of PCR-based studies for the identification and diagnosis of leptospirosis has been reported elsewhere, in humans and animals [13,28,29,30]. It has been developed for the rapid detection of Leptospira DNA and has the potential to make a dramatic impact in diagnosing leptospirosis [25].…”

Section: Polymerase Chain Reaction (Pcr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous studies document its high specificity and sensitivity with the capability of detecting as few as 10 organisms in a sample. [25]. However, Leptospires antigens or DNA may not be detected in blood in some cases of leptospirosis maybe because of a weak or short leptospiremia during the acute stage or because of a late sampling or because of antibiotic administration which rapidly eliminates leptospires from blood [15].…”

Section: Polymerase Chain Reaction (Pcr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of Laboratory Diagnosis and Treatment of Leptospirosis

Al-orry¹,

Arahou²,

Hassikou³

et al. 2016

Int J Pharm Pharm Sci

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Leptospirosis is an infectious disease affect human and animal. The diagnosis is challenging due to none specific clinical features, lack of awareness and poor access to health care. Therefore the disease becomes underreported. Early diagnosis is essential because antibiotic treatment is most effective when it is initiated early. However, laboratories tests for early diagnosis still lacking. The disease may be demonstrated by direct or indirect methods. Direct methods are the detection of the organism or its components and indirect methods are the detection of specific antibodies of the organism. This review highlights the major diagnostic techniques in leptospirosis with their advantages and disadvantages as well as the treatment. The search criteria focused on the thesis we obtained and searching in the websites (Google

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Section: Culturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Polymerase Chain Reaction (Pcr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Polymerase Chain Reaction (Pcr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of Laboratory Diagnosis and Treatment of Leptospirosis

Al-orry¹,

Arahou²,

Hassikou³

et al. 2016

Int J Pharm Pharm Sci

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“…The L. interrogans complex is composed of 23 serogroups and approximately 210 serovariants. [1][2][3][4] The same serovariant can induce different clinical presentations. 5 The rat is the major reservoir of leptospira, mainly in urban areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insuficiência renal aguda associada à leptospirose

Daher¹,

Abreu

Silva³

2010

J. Bras. Nefrol.

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Leptospirosis is the most important zoonosis in the world. Patients are typically young men. Several factors are involved in acute kidney injury (AKI) in leptospirosis, including direct nephrotoxic action of the leptospira, hyperbilirubinemia, rhabdomyolysis and hypovolemia. The major histological findings are acute interstitial nephritis and acute tubular necrosis. Leptospirosis-induced AKI is usually nonoliguric and hypokalemic. Tubular function abnormalities precede a decline in the glomerular filtration rate, which could explain the high frequency of hypokalemia. Antibiotic treatment is efficient in the early and late and/or severe phases. For critically ill leptospirosis patients, the following measures are recommended: early and daily hemodialysis; low volume infusion (due to the risk of pulmonary hemorrhage); and lung-protective strategies. Mortality in leptospirosis-associated AKI is around 22%.

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“…Human infections are caused incidentally and subsequent to a contact with water or other materials which are infected with contami-nated secretions of host animals (Levett et al, 2005;Sharma and Kalawat, 2008;Bharti et al, 2003;Ricaldi and Vinetz, 2006;Plank and Dean, 2000;Park et al, 2006).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%