Overview of the legal and policy challenges of orbital debris removal

Weeden, Brian

doi:10.1016/j.spacepol.2010.12.019

Cited by 31 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Ces projets d'« ébouage de l'espace » sont financés sur les fonds de R&D publics, par exemple 43 dans le cadre du programme Clean Space de l'ESA, et agitent même aux États-Unis une debris community » 49 . L'engouement du début des années 2010 retombe quelque peu néanmoins, car si l'imagination des ingénieurs et des scientifiques n'a pas de limites, les points d'achoppement sont nombreux : absence de business model, coûts prohibitifs, attentisme des éventuels clients (les agences et les opérateurs) 50 et, surtout, responsabilité juridique de l'« éboueur » engagée en cas d'accident consécutif à une opération de nettoyage 51 . Ces solutions relevant de l'anticipation à horizon 2020, il reste d'autres marchés à consolider, par exemple celui du space situational awareness, c'est-à-dire la surveillance des débris que les agences pourraient externaliser 52 .…”

Section: éBoueurs De L'espace New Space Et Arsenalisationunclassified

Du big sky à l’espace pollué : l’effet boomerang des débris spatiaux

Saint-Martin¹

2016

Mouvements

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Le 13 novembre 2015 à 11h48 (6h18 UTC), le débris spatial connu sous le code « WT1190F » plonge dans l’Océan indien, à une centaine de kilomètres au Sud des côtes du Sri Lanka. Il vient de se désintégrer après une rentrée atmosphérique non contrôlée à 11 kilomètres par seconde. L’amerrissage en plein jour se déroule sans encombres ni dégâts. Le spectacle très visuel de l’explosion de cette boule de feu attire l’attention des médias, qui transforment la retombée en événement insolite. Les experts pensent qu’il s’agit d’un fragment du module de propulsion d’une sonde envoyée par la NASA vers la Lune en 1998. Le morceau de ferraille made in US , large d’un à deux mètres et de 450 à 2 000 kilogrammes, échoue dans les eaux territoriales des autorités sri lankaises – qui, impuissantes comme tout le monde, ne peuvent qu’assister à la scène. Toutefois, si impressionnante soit la chute de WT1190F , elle n’en est pas moins anecdotique. Car ces retombées sont courantes. D’après une étude de la NASA en effet, 600 satellites hors service et diverses épaves sont retombés sur Terre en 2014, soit une centaine de tonnes de déchets 1 . WT1190F , c’est une bulle dans l’océan.

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Section: éBoueurs De L'espace New Space Et Arsenalisationunclassified

Du big sky à l’espace pollué : l’effet boomerang des débris spatiaux

Saint-Martin¹

2016

Mouvements

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“…For example, with no means to independently verify what a servicing vehicle is doing on orbit, decision makers in these countries might fear that an ostensibly commercial servicing craft conducting a close approach of another satellite is a disguised intelligencegathering platform or military space weapon in development. 36 Security of ground facilities. Policymakers in countries with emerging servicing industries or with significant space assets are concerned with which government entities will have de facto control over commercial servicing spacecraft.…”

Section: Challenges To Developing Policy For Servicingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Commercial On-Orbit Satellite Servicing: National and International Policy Considerations Raised by Industry Proposals

Krolikowski

David

2013

New Space

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Commercial on-orbit satellite servicing for the first time presents itself as a concrete and pressing policy issue in several countries. Several commercial entities are developing or contemplating capabilities that could enable cost-efficient in-space servicing and refueling in ways previously thought unfeasible. For example, in 2011, two commercial firms planned to develop a commercial servicing vehicle and perform the first commercial mission. Other commercial players have also announced servicing programs. A commercial servicing industry will evolve with its policy, legal, and regulatory environment. The policy choices of national governments, acting either individually or in concert, will determine whether a commercial servicing industry emerges and how it develops. We begin this article by describing commercial servicing and examining recent and proposed efforts at developing commercial servicing capabilities from technical and business perspectives. We then discuss the national and international policy choices that shape the prospects of an emerging commercial servicing industry.

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“…Spacecraft operate in environments subject to both extremes of thermal and electro-magnetic radiation and also a random, but statistically significant, threat of collision with orbital debris. 2,12,15,16,18 This debris arises from several sources, including: natural detritus (e.g. interstellar media and commentary debris 19 ); accidental release (e.g.…”

Section: Hypervelocity Impactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of structural composite materials. Part 2: hypervelocity impact and shock

Appleby-Thomas

Hazell

2012

The Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design

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The combination of high strength and low density has resulted in increasing use of composite materials in structures such as aerospace systems that may be subjected to high-velocity impact during their in-service lives. In this review we focus on recent work surrounding the response of composites, primarily carbon fibre reinforced plastic and glass fibre reinforced plastic-based laminates to very high (hyper)-velocity impacts. To this end, the review is divided into two halves. In the first, hypervelocity impacts (e.g. impacts with velocities greater than ca. 2 km/s) that are likely to be encountered by aerospace systems are considered; while in the second, resultant material behaviour – in the form of shock response – is discussed. This review is designed to (1) build on previous studies which have typically largely focused on high-velocity impacts from the perspective of spacecraft protection against on-orbit impact, and; (2) complement an earlier part which focused on the lower impact velocity regime associated with ballistic-loading (Part 1).

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Overview of the legal and policy challenges of orbital debris removal

Cited by 31 publications

References 2 publications

Du big sky à l’espace pollué : l’effet boomerang des débris spatiaux

Du big sky à l’espace pollué : l’effet boomerang des débris spatiaux

Commercial On-Orbit Satellite Servicing: National and International Policy Considerations Raised by Industry Proposals

The impact of structural composite materials. Part 2: hypervelocity impact and shock

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